TypeError：**或pow（）不支持的操作数类型：“函数”和“整数”概率计算器

Question

我试图将我的概率计算器放在一个不错的GUI中，但是我的概率计算遇到了问题。

我已经制作了3个脚本：

1. Tkinter脚本，我的用户界面以及从中获取号码的地方。
2. 我的可运行脚本，此脚本已放置到位，以防止循环导入。 这也是我运行以使用“程序”的脚本
3. 我的概率计算器，它从Tkinter GUI收集数据，进行计算，然后将输出再次发送到Tkinter脚本以在GUI中显示结果

剧本

 > Tkinter GUI, called testtennisGUI.py 

from Tkinter import *
import ttk
import csv
import tennisGameProbability


def invullen():
    resultaat.set(str(" Game = "+("{0:.2%}".format(tennisGameProbability.game_prob()))))


def result_first_service_percentage():
    return calculate()

frame = Tk()


def calculate(*args):
    try:
        value_player1c = float(v1player1.get())/100
        value_player1d = float(v2player1.get())/100
        value_player1e = float(v3player1.get())/100
        result_player_1.set(str("{0:.3}".format((((value_player1c * value_player1d)-(value_player1c * value_player1e)) + value_player1e)*100)))
        return ((value_player1c * value_player1d)-(value_player1c * value_player1e)) + value_player1e
    except ValueError:
        pass

resultaat = StringVar()
resultaat2 = StringVar()
b1player1 = StringVar()
v1player1 = StringVar()
v2player1 = StringVar()
v3player1 = StringVar()
result_player_1 = StringVar()

c_player1 = Label(frame, text="1st Service Percentage:").grid(row=3, column=1, sticky='w')
cc_player1 = Entry(frame, text="value", textvariable=v1player1, justify='center', width=10).grid(row=3, column=2)
d_player1 = Label(frame, text="Points Won on 1st Serve: ").grid(row=4, column=1, sticky='w')
dd_player1 = Entry(frame, text="value", textvariable=v2player1, justify='center', width=10).grid(row=4, column=2)
e_player1 = Label(frame, text="Points Won on 2nd serve:").grid(row=5, column=1, sticky='w')
ee_player1 = Entry(frame, text="value", textvariable=v3player1, justify='center', width=10).grid(row=5, column=2)
projected_player1 = Label(frame, text="Projected Hold").grid(row=6, column=1, sticky='w')
my_result_player_1 = Entry(frame, textvariable=result_player_1, justify='center', width=10).grid(row=6, column=2)
my_resultaat = Label(frame, textvariable=resultaat, justify='center').grid(row=8, column=1, columnspan=2, pady=10)
my_resultaat_2 = Label(frame, textvariable=resultaat2, justify='center').grid(row=9, column=1, columnspan=2, pady=10)


f = open('testtennis.csv')
csv_f = csv.reader(f)
players_names = []
for row in csv_f:
    players_names.append(row[0])


def new_selection(event):
    return player1()

box_value = StringVar()
box = ttk.Combobox(frame, textvariable=box_value, justify='center')
box.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", new_selection)
box['values'] = players_names
box.current()
box.grid(column=2, row=1, pady=20, padx=15)


def player1():
    with open("testtennis.csv") as fh:
        for row in fh:
            if (box_value.get()) in row:
                player_name = row[0:row.find(',')]
                row = row.replace(player_name+',', '')
                first_service = row[0:row.find(",")]
                row = row.replace(first_service+',', '')
                points_first_serve = row[0:row.find(",")]
                row = row.replace(points_first_serve + ',', '')
                points_second_serve = row[0:row.find(",")]
                row.replace(points_second_serve + ',', '')
                v1player1.set(first_service)
                v2player1.set(points_first_serve)
                v3player1.set(points_second_serve)


run = ttk.Button(frame, text='Run', command=invullen)
run.grid(column=1, row=7, columnspan=2, ipadx=15, pady=25)
mainloop()

我运行的脚本称为run_file.py

import testtennisGUI


def projected_hold_player1():
    return testtennisGUI.result_first_service_percentage()

计算脚本称为TennisGameProbability.py

from run_file import projected_hold_player1


def fact(x):
    if x in [0, 1]:
        return 1
    r = 1
    for a in range(1, (x + 1)):
        r = r * a
    return r


def ch(a, b):
    return fact(a) / (fact(b) * fact(a - b))
    pass


def game_outcome(s, a, b):
    return ch((a + b), a) * (s ** a) * ((1 - s) ** b) * s


def game_prob(s=projected_hold_player1, v=0, w=0):
    if v >= 4 and (v - w) >= 2:
        return 1
    elif w >= 4 and (w - v) >= 2:
        return 0
    else:
        pass
    while True:
        if (v + w) > 6:
            v -= 1
            w -= 1
        else:
            break
    if w == 0:
        w0 = game_outcome(s, 3 - v, 0)
    else:
        w0 = 0
    if w <= 1:
        w15 = game_outcome(s, 3 - v, 1 - w)
    else:
        w15 = 0
    if w <= 2:
        w30 = game_outcome(s, 3 - v, 2 - w)
    else:
        w30 = 0
    if v == 4:
        wad, lad = s, 0
        d = 1 - s
    elif w == 4:
        wad, lad = 0, 1 - s
        d = s
    else:
        wad, lad = 0, 0
        a = 3 - v
        b = 3 - w
        d = ch((a + b), a) * (s ** a) * ((1 - s) ** b)
    if v <= 2:
        l30 = game_outcome((1 - s), 3 - w, 2 - v)
    else:
        l30 = 0
    if v <= 1:
        l15 = game_outcome((1 - s), 3 - w, 1 - v)
    else:
        l15 = 0
    if v == 0:
        l0 = game_outcome((1 - s), 3 - w, 0)
    else:
        l0 = 0
    denom = s ** 2 + (1 - s) ** 2
    wd = (d * (s ** 2)) / denom
    ld = (d * ((1 - s) ** 2)) / denom
    win = w0 + w15 + w30 + wd + wad
    lose = l0 + l15 + l30 + ld + lad
    return win
    return game_prob()

我得到的错误是：

File "C:\Users\Magali\PycharmProjects\Wouter\tennisGameProbability.py", line 19, in game_outcome
    return ch((a + b), a) * (s ** a) * ((1 - s) ** b) * s
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'function' and 'int'

当我手动在TennisGameProbability脚本中输入值时，它会起作用。 因此，我认为问题出在脚本之间移动变量数据的方式。 我已经尽我所能，但没有任何运气。

谁能告诉我我的错误在哪里？

Answer 1

您显然将s的默认值指定为一个函数：

from run_file import projected_hold_player1

...

def game_prob(s=projected_hold_player1, v=0, w=0)
#             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

因此，调用s**a会引发该错误，因为运算符没有为函数类型指定任何行为。

相反，您应该将s分配给函数projected_hold_player1的返回值，前提是该值是一个数字（我认为是数字）。

def game_prob(s=None, v=0, w=0):
    if s is None:
         s = projected_hold_player1()

或者，您可以在分配默认值时调用该函数。

def game_prob(s=projected_hold_player1(), v=0, w=0)
#                                     ^^