Django：测试一个抽象模型

Question

我有一个简单的抽象类，我想为此编写一个单元测试。 我正在使用Django 1.10， 我发现的答案多年来都在那里，可能已经过时了。 我尝试过Vinod Kurup的解决方案：

# tests/test_foo.py
from django.db import models
from django.test import TestCase

from ..models import MyAbstractModel

class MyTestModel(MyAbstractModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'myappname'

class AbstractTest(TestCase):
    def test_my_test_model(self):
        self.assertTrue(MyTestModel.objects.create(name='foo'))

是否有任何简单的现代方法来测试与Django 1.10一样的抽象模型，就像来自Vinod Kurup的抽象模型一样？

编辑：

我抽象模型的代码：

class FlagsModel(models.Model):

    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    reported = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

这是我的测试文件：

from ..models import RecipeModel, FlagsModel

class FlagsTestModel(FlagsModel):

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'recipes'


class FlagsModelAbstractTest(TestCase):

    def test_my_test_model(self):
        self.assertTrue(FlagsTestModel.objects.create())

我得到的错误是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.ProgrammingError: relation "recipes_flagstestmodel" does not exist
LINE 1: ...eported", "recipes_flagstestmodel"."deleted" FROM "recipes_f...
                                                             ^


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 367, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 359, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 29, in run_from_argv
    super(Command, self).run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 305, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 356, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 72, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 549, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases()
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 499, in setup_databases
    self.parallel, **kwargs
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 743, in setup_databases
    serialize=connection.settings_dict.get("TEST", {}).get("SERIALIZE", True),
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 78, in create_test_db
    self.connection._test_serialized_contents = self.serialize_db_to_string()
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 122, in serialize_db_to_string
    serializers.serialize("json", get_objects(), indent=None, stream=out)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/serializers/__init__.py", line 129, in serialize
    s.serialize(queryset, **options)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/serializers/base.py", line 79, in serialize
    for count, obj in enumerate(queryset, start=1):
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 118, in get_objects
    for obj in queryset.iterator():
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 54, in __iter__
    results = compiler.execute_sql()
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 835, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/home/arch/.environments/djanveg_dev/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "recipes_flagstestmodel" does not exist
LINE 1: ...eported", "recipes_flagstestmodel"."deleted" FROM "recipes_f...

Answer 1

问题是你没有将该模型迁移到数据库，这是因为你在tests文件中创建了模型，Django只检查models.py文件中的模型，所以将下一个代码移到models.py文件中：

class FlagsTestModel(FlagsModel):

    class Meta:
        app_label = 'recipes'

然后运行python manage.py makemigrations和python manage.py mgirate在数据库中创建表，一切都将按预期工作。