使用@DataJpaTest和SpringBoot的UnsatisfiedDependencyException

Question

我正在使用SpringBoot并且有一个DataJpaTest，但是当我运行Test类时，我得到了这个StackTrace：

 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:47)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:237)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'restTemplate' defined in br.com.mobtrack.api.MobTrackApplication: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'restTemplate' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:749)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:467)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1134)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1028)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:759)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:761)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:371)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:111)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    ... 28 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1474)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1102)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1064)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:835)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:741)

我认为这是因为我的Application类中有一个RestTemplate bean，如下所示：

@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
        return builder.build();
    }
}

这是我的测试班：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CityRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    private CityRepository cityRepository;

    private City city;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        city = new City();
        city.setName("New York");
        city.setImage("http://www.mockimage.com");
    }

    @Test
    public void findByNameShouldReturnCity() throws Exception {
        this.entityManager.persist(city);
        Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameIgnoreCase("New York");
        city = hasCity.get();
        assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York");
        assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com");
    }

    @Test
    public void findByNameStartingWithShouldReturnCity() throws Exception {
        this.entityManager.persist(city);
        Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("New");
        city = hasCity.get();
        assertThat(city.getId()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(city.getName()).isEqualTo("New York");
        assertThat(city.getImage()).isEqualTo("http://www.mockimage.com");
    }

    @Test
    public void findByNameWhenNoCityShouldReturnFalse() throws Exception {
        this.entityManager.persist(city);
        Optional<City> hasCity = this.cityRepository.findByNameStartingWithIgnoreCase("Ohaio");
        assertThat(hasCity.isPresent()).isFalse();
    }
}

欢迎任何帮助，非常感谢！

Answer 1

正如错误明确指出的那样-没有RestTemplateBuilder类型的合格Bean可用于RestTemplate Bean构建。

用于Web的Spring Boot启动程序将RestTempalteBuilder的bean注入到上下文中。 通常不需要在上下文中声明RestTemplateBuilder bean，因为spring-boot自动配置已经提供了它。 如果项目是spring-boot应用程序，则此应用程序将按预期工作。

如果需要，可以通过在应用程序配置中创建一个新的对象来对其进行自定义。如下所示：

@Bean
public RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder() {
    return new RestTemplateBuilder()
            .basicAuthorization("abc", "password");
}

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
    return builder.build();
}

而且，如果没有真正的理由对其进行自定义，您可能宁愿为RestTemplate提供一个更简单的bean定义，如下所示：

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

Answer 2

我不喜欢其他解决方案，因为我确实希望我的应用程序使用spring提供的RestTemplateBuilder，因为它提供了一些默认的消息转换器和运行我的应用程序时所需的其他功能。

但是，我发现了两种更改测试以运行DataJpaTest的方法，不确定哪种方法最好：

方法一-在测试中提供模拟的RestTemplate。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class SomeTest {

    @MockBean
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

方法二-添加AutoConfigureWebClient批注，以便Spring将关联RestTemplateBuilder

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureWebClient
public class SomeTest {

通过两种方式，我都可以将现有的已配置其余模板保留在应用程序类中：

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
    return builder.build();
}