C ++数组结构

Question

我正在阅读本书中关于结构的章节，它让我重新修改了我已经制作的程序，但这次使用了我以前从未使用过的结构; 然而，在完成该计划后，有一个我不理解的问题。 程序的输出只显示一次。 它处于for循环中，但即使它要求我输入三次信息，它也只输出第一个信息。

我可能只是不了解结构中的数组是如何工作的。 我的问题的一个例子如下。 我在以下循环中输出了输出

for(int counter = 0; counter <size; counter++)

大小为3，这意味着我将打印输出三次; 但是我得到的答案就像我要求的一样。

Listofnames[0].F_name

当我真正想要的是

Listofnames[0].F_name Listofnames[1].F_name Listofnames[2].F_name

但是，我不想写三次，我做了测试它实际上有效，但这是唯一的方法吗？ 或者我在程序中遗漏了什么？

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

    struct Names
    {
        string F_name;          //Creating structure called Names.
        string L_name;
        char Mi;
    };
    struct Payrate
    {
        double rate;
    double hoursworked; //Creating structure called Payrate.
    double gross; 
    double net;
};
int main()
{

    double stateTax = 0, federalTax = 0, unionFees = 0, timeHalf = 1.5;         //Initializing variables.
    const int size = 2;         //Array size.
    Payrate employee[size];             //Structure variables
    Names Listofnames[size];
    for (int counter = 0; counter < size; counter++)            //Initializing for loop.
    {
        cout << "What's your first name?: " << endl;
        cin >> Listofnames[counter].F_name;
        cout << "What's your last name?: " << endl;                     //Displaying names, and hours worked, rate.
        cin >> Listofnames[counter].L_name;
        cout << "What is your middle initial?: " << endl;
        cin >> Listofnames[counter].Mi;
        cout << "How many hours did you work? Please enter a number between 1-50: " << endl;
        cin >> employee[counter].hoursworked;
        cout << "What is your hourly rate? Please enter a number between 1-50: " << endl;
        cin >> employee[counter].rate;

        if (employee[counter].hoursworked < 0 || employee[counter].hoursworked >50)                 //Initializing conditional statements.
        {
            cout << "Sorry you entered a erong entry. Pc shutting off " << endl;                        //Displays what happens is user inputs a number under 0 or over 50.
        }
        if (employee[counter].rate < 0 || employee[counter].rate > 50)                                              //Initializing conditional statements.
        {       
            cout << "Sorry you entered a erong entry. Pc shutting off " << endl;                                //Displays what happens is user inputs a number under 0 or over 50.         
        }
        if (employee[counter].hoursworked <= 40)                                                                                //Initializing conditional statements.
        {                                                                                                       
            employee[counter].gross = employee[counter].hoursworked * employee[counter].rate;               //Calculating gross.
        }
        else if (employee[counter].hoursworked > 40)                                                                                //Initializing conditional statements.
        {
            employee[counter].gross = employee[counter].hoursworked * (employee[counter].rate * timeHalf);  //Calculating gross.
        }
        stateTax = employee[counter].gross * 0.06;
        federalTax = employee[counter].gross * 0.12;                                                                            //Calculates all the tax fees, and net.
        unionFees = employee[counter].gross * 0.02;
        employee[counter].net = employee[counter].gross - (stateTax + federalTax + unionFees);
    }
    cout << "FirstN " << "MI " << "LastName " << "\t" << "Rate " << "HoursWorked " << "TimeHalf " << "StateTax " << "FederalTax " << "UnionFees " << "Gross " << "  " << "Net " << endl;            //Displays header of output.
    cout << "==================================================================================================================" << endl;
    for (int counter = 0; counter <= size; counter++)
    {
        //Output.
        cout << Listofnames[counter].F_name << "\t" << fixed << setprecision(2) << Listofnames[counter].Mi << " " << Listofnames[counter].L_name << "\t" << employee[counter].rate << "\t" << employee[counter].hoursworked << "\t" << setw(7) << timeHalf << "\t" << setw(8) << stateTax << setw(12) << federalTax << "\t" << unionFees << "\t" << employee[counter].gross << "\t" << employee[counter].net << endl;
        system("pause");
    }
}

Ps如果你不得不重新修改这个程序，你会用什么来简化它。 要求我可以继续重新修改，并学习更高级的东西。 矢量，指针？ 提前致谢。

Answer 1

你有一个包含3个索引的数组，但你的循环只能达到2个索引。 将for循环更改为此。

for (int counter = 0; counter <= size; counter++) 

现在，这个循环将打印所有索引。

您也可以使用它来代替使用静态值。

for (int counter = 0; counter < sizeof(Listofnames)/sizeof(Listofnames[0]); counter++)

sizeof(Listofnames)/sizeof(Listofnames[0]) This will give you the total size of your array.

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