Python：无法将 pip 升级到 9.0.1 版（spyder）

Question

我一直在尝试为 python 安装一些软件包，如 pygame 和 metatrader。 当我尝试时，它被要求升级我的版本。 当我尝试这样做时，会发生以下情况

C:\Users\USER>pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
    Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 538, in move
    os.rename(src, real_dst)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Toegang geweigerd: 'c:\\programfiles\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pip' -> 'C:\\Users\\USER\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-46ifh8km-uninstall\\program files\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pip'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 317, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 736, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 742, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 267, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 550, in move
rmtree(src)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 488, in rmtree
return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 383, in _rmtree_unsafe
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Program Files\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 381, in _rmtree_unsafe
os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Toegang geweigerd: 'c:\\program files\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pip\\basecommand.py'

You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

在我尝试之后，它再次给出相同的消息。 我一直在尝试为 python 安装一些软件包，如 pygame 和 metatrader

Answer 1

我解决了这个问题。

问题是在 spyder 中，我尝试升级 pip 而不是：

conda upgrade spyder

我不得不删除完整的 anaconda 安装并重新安装它。

所以永远不要尝试

pip install

在 spyder 提示下！

Answer 2

在 linux 世界中，您需要具有 sudo 权限才能升级 pip。 这可能也是 Windows 的情况（它被称为管理员权限）。 我很少在基本系统上摆弄 pip，但要么在 virtualenv 中工作，要么使用 docker 容器化应用程序。 这样你就可以在你的计算机上保持一个简洁而刻薄的 python。

Answer 3

我通过使用 sudo 权限升级 pip 解决了这个问题。然后它就可以工作了。

sudo pip install --upgrade pip

Answer 4

python和metatrader的另一个很好的解决方案，检查这个：

import socket
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
import pytz

import io

TZ_SERVER = 'Europe/Tallinn' # EET
TZ_LOCAL  = 'Europe/Budapest'
TZ_UTC    = 'UTC'

class Pytrader_API:             
  
    def __init__(self):
        self.socket_error: int = 0
        self.socket_error_message: str = ''
        self.order_return_message: str = ''
        self.order_error: int = 0
        self.connected: bool = False
        self.timeout: bool = False
        self.command_OK: bool = False
        self.command_return_error: str = ''
        self.debug: bool = False
        self.version: str = '1.06'
        self.max_bars: int = 5000
        self.max_ticks: int = 5000
        self.timeout_value: int = 60
        self.instrument_conversion_list: dict = {}
        self.instrument_name_broker: str = ''
        self.instrument_name_universal: str = ''
        self.date_from: datetime = '2000/01/01, 00:00:00'
        self.date_to: datetime = datetime.now()
        self.instrument: str = ''

    def Set_timeout(self,
                    timeout_in_seconds: int = 60
                    ):
        """
        Set time out value for socket communication with MT4 or MT5 EA/Bot.
        Args:
            timeout_in_seconds: the time out value
        Returns:
            None
        """
        self.timeout_value = timeout_in_seconds
        self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout_value)
        self.sock.setblocking(1)
        return

    def Disconnect(self):
        """
        Closes the socket connection to a MT4 or MT5 EA bot.
        Args:
            None
        Returns:
            bool: True or False
        """

        self.sock.close()
        return True

    def Connect(self,
                server: str = '',
                port: int = 2345,
                instrument_lookup: dict = []) -> bool:
        """
        Connects to a MT4 or MT5 EA/Bot.
        Args:
            server: Server IP address, like -> '127.0.0.1', '192.168.5.1'
            port: port number
            instrument_lookup: dictionairy with general instrument names and broker intrument names
        Returns:
            bool: True or False
        """
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.setblocking(1)
        self.port = port
        self.server = server
        self.instrument_conversion_list = instrument_lookup

        if (len(self.instrument_conversion_list) == 0):
            print('Broker Instrument list not available or empty')
            self.socket_error_message = 'Broker Instrument list not available'
            return False

        try:
            self.sock.connect((self.server, self.port))
            try:
                data_received = self.sock.recv(1000000)
                self.connected = True
                self.socket_error = 0
                self.socket_error_message = ''
                return True
            except socket.error as msg:
                self.socket_error = 100
                self.socket_error_message = 'Could not connect to server.'
                self.connected = False
                return False
        except socket.error as msg:
            print(
                "Couldnt connect with the socket-server: %self.sock\n terminating program" %
                msg)
            self.connected = False
            self.socket_error = 101
            self.socket_error_message = 'Could not connect to server.'
            return False

    def Check_connection(self) -> bool:
        """
        Checks if connection with MT terminal/Ea bot is still active.
        Args:
            None
        Returns:
            bool: True or False
        """

        self.command = 'F000#0#'
        self.command_return_error = ''
        ok, dataString = self.send_command(self.command)

        try:
            if (ok == False):
                self.command_OK = False
                return False

            x = dataString.split('#')

            if x[1] == 'OK':
                self.timeout = True
                self.command_OK = True
                return True
            else:
                self.timeout = False
                self.command_OK = True
                return False
        except:
            self.command_return_error = 'Unexpected socket communication error'
            self.command_OK = False
            return False

    @property
    def IsConnected(self) -> bool:
        """Returns connection status.
        Returns:
            bool: True or False
        """
        return self.connected

    def Get_static_account_info(self) -> dict:
        """
        Retrieves static account information.
        Returns: Dictionary with:
            Account name,
            Account number,
            Account currency,
            Account type,
            Account leverage,
            Account trading allowed,
            Account maximum number of pending orders,
            Account margin call percentage,
            Account close open trades margin percentage
        """
        self.command_return_error = ''

        ok, dataString = self.send_command('F001#0#')
        if (ok == False):
            self.command_OK = False
            return None

        if self.debug:
            print(dataString)

        x = dataString.split('#')
        if x[0] != 'F001':
            self.command_return_error = str(x[2])
            self.command_OK = False
            return None

        returnDict = {}
        del x[0:2]
        x.pop(-1)

        returnDict['name'] = str(x[0])
        returnDict['login'] = str(x[1])
        returnDict['currency'] = str(x[2])
        returnDict['type'] = str(x[3])
        returnDict['leverage'] = int(x[4])
        returnDict['trade_allowed'] = bool(x[5])
        returnDict['limit_orders'] = int(x[6])
        returnDict['margin_call'] = float(x[7])
        returnDict['margin_close'] = float(x[8])

        self.command_OK = True
        return returnDict

    def Get_dynamic_account_info(self) -> dict:
        """
        Retrieves dynamic account information.
        Returns: Dictionary with:
            Account balance,
            Account equity,
            Account profit,
            Account margin,
            Account margin level,
            Account margin free
        """
        self.command_return_error = ''

        ok, dataString = self.send_command('F002#0#')
        if (ok == False):
            self.command_OK = False
            return None

        if self.debug:
            print(dataString)

        x = dataString.split('#')
        if x[0] != 'F002':
            self.command_return_error = str(x[2])
            self.command_OK = False
            return None

        returnDict = {}
        del x[0:2]
        x.pop(-1)

        returnDict['balance'] = float(x[0])
        returnDict['equity'] = float(x[1])
        returnDict['profit'] = float(x[2])
        returnDict['margin'] = float(x[3])
        returnDict['margin_level'] = float(x[4])
        returnDict['margin_free'] = float(x[5])

        self.command_OK = True
        return returnDict

    def Get_PnL(self,
                    date_from: datetime = datetime(2021, 3, 1, tzinfo = pytz.timezone("Etc/UTC")),
                    date_to: datetime = datetime.now()) -> pd.DataFrame:
        '''    
        Retrieves profit loss info.
        Args:
            date_from: start date
            date_to: end date
        Returns: Dictionary with:
            realized_profit             profit of all closed positions
            unrealized_profit           profit of all open positions
            buy_profit                  profit of closed buy positions
            sell_profit                 profit of closed sell positions
            positions_in_profit         number of profit positions
            positions in loss           number of loss positions
            volume_in_profit            total volume of positions in profit
            volume_in_loss              total volume of positions in loss
        '''
        total_profit = 0.0
        buy_profit = 0.0
        sell_profit = 0.0
        trades_in_loss = 0
        trades_in_profit = 0
        volume_in_loss = 0.0
        volume_in_profit = 0.0
        commission_in_loss = 0.0
        commission_in_profit = 0.0
        swap_in_loss = 0.0
        swap_in_profit = 0.0
        unrealized_profit = 0.0

这个例子取自Pytrader for Metatrader API