如何在管理面板中添加自定义用户模型？

Question

我创建了一个扩展AbstractBaseUser类的自定义用户模型。 代码如下。

class UserModel(AbstractBaseUser):
    sys_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True, blank=True)        
    name = models.CharField(max_length=127, null=False, blank=False)    
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=127, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)  
    user_type = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=user_type_choices, null=False, blank=True, help_text="Admin(1)/Institute(2)/Student(3)")  
    access_valid_start = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    access_valid_end = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    created_when = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True )
    created_by = models.BigIntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    last_updated_when = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
    last_updated_by = models.BigIntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    notes = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=True, blank=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # this field is required to login super user from admin panel
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # this field is required to login super user from admin panel
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects = MyUserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = "email"
    # REQUIRED_FIELDS must contain all required fields on your User model, 
    # but should not contain the USERNAME_FIELD or password as these fields will always be prompted for.
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name', 'mobile', 'user_type']

    class Meta:
        app_label = "accounts"
        db_table = "users"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.name

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.name

    # this methods are require to login super user from admin panel
    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return self.is_superuser

    # this methods are require to login super user from admin panel
    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return self.is_superuser

现在，在我的管理面板中，只有“组”可用。 我希望我的自定义用户模式（即UserModel）出现在管理面板中，以便可以从管理用户界面添加，编辑和删除用户。
我从SO尝试了多个代码，最简单的代码如下

from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from accounts.models import UserModel
from django.contrib import admin


class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    model = UserModel

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('mobile',)}),
    )

admin.site.register(UserModel, MyUserAdmin)

现在我得到这个错误..
错误：

<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E019) The value of 'filter_horizontal[0]' refers to 'groups', which is not an attribute of 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E019) The value of 'filter_horizontal[1]' refers to 'user_permissions', which is not an attribute of 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E033) The value of 'ordering[0]' refers to 'username', which is not an attribute of 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E108) The value of 'list_display[0]' refers to 'username', which is not a callable, an attribute of 'MyUserAdmin', or an attribute or method on 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E108) The value of 'list_display[2]' refers to 'first_name', which is not a callable, an attribute of 'MyUserAdmin', or an attribute or method on 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E108) The value of 'list_display[3]' refers to 'last_name', which is not a callable, an attribute of 'MyUserAdmin', or an attribute or method on 'accounts.UserModel'.
<class 'accounts.admin.MyUserAdmin'>: (admin.E116) The value of 'list_filter[3]' refers to 'groups', which does not refer to a Field.

请让我知道如何将自定义用户模型成功添加到管理UI？

Answer 1

从Django文档中

如果您的自定义用户模型扩展了django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser，则可以使用Django现有的django.contrib.auth.admin.UserAdmin类。 但是，如果您的用户模型扩展了AbstractBaseUser，则需要定义一个自定义ModelAdmin类 。 可以继承默认的django.contrib.auth.admin.UserAdmin; 但是，您将需要覆盖自定义用户类上未引用django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser上字段的任何定义 。

因此，基本上，如果从AbstractBaseUser而不是AbstractUser创建新的用户模型，则需要创建自己的自定义ModelAdmin类，或者，如果从UserAdmin继承（这是您当前正在做的事情），则需要覆盖并处理所有差异。

Answer 2

@Anurag Rana您的自定义UserAdmin类应如下所示

from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from accounts.models import UserModel
from django.contrib import admin


class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    model = UserModel
    list_display = ()  # Contain only fields in your `custom-user-model`
    list_filter = ()  # Contain only fields in your `custom-user-model` intended for filtering. Do not include `groups`since you do not have it
    search_fields = ()  # Contain only fields in your `custom-user-model` intended for searching
    ordering = ()  # Contain only fields in your `custom-user-model` intended to ordering
    filter_horizontal = () # Leave it empty. You have neither `groups` or `user_permissions`
    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('mobile',)}),
    )

admin.site.register(UserModel, MyUserAdmin)

Answer 3

您正在尝试使用UserAdmin，但没有它所引用的字段

• 团体
• 权限
• 名字
• 姓
• 用户名

您可能需要深入检查UserAdmin类，并查看应覆盖哪些变量

fieldsets = (
    (None, {'fields': ('username', 'password')}),
    (_('Personal info'), {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name', 'email')}),
    (_('Permissions'), {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser',
                                   'groups', 'user_permissions')}),
    (_('Important dates'), {'fields': ('last_login', 'date_joined')}),
)
add_fieldsets = (
    (None, {
        'classes': ('wide',),
        'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2'),
    }),
)
form = UserChangeForm
add_form = UserCreationForm
change_password_form = AdminPasswordChangeForm
list_display = ('username', 'email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'is_staff')
list_filter = ('is_staff', 'is_superuser', 'is_active', 'groups')
search_fields = ('username', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'email')
ordering = ('username',)
filter_horizontal = ('groups', 'user_permissions',)

错误也会提示您出了什么地方