tkinter带网格的画布滚动条？

Question

Tkinter和Python相对较新。 亲切地忍受我。

我试图显示以下GUI，并希望在Frame2中有一个滚动条，一次只显示5x5按钮。 看起来Tkinter Frames不支持滚动条，因此添加了一个画布（嵌入了框架）和父框架'FMas'中的滚动条。 但由于某种原因，滚动条会移到屏幕的右端，不会进行任何滚动。

画布不应该在Frame2的边缘结束，滚动条就在它旁边吗？ 此外，我尝试使用rowspan来增加滚动条的高度以匹配5x5按钮的高度。 那也行不通。

代码（使用Python3.2）：

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.ttk as ttk

mGui = Tk()

mGui.geometry("630x600")
mGui.configure(background="Gray")

mGui.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
mGui.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

FMas = Frame(mGui, bg="Gray")
FMas.grid(sticky=(N,E,S,W))

FMas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

L1 = Label(FMas, text="Frame 1 Contents")
L1.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=5, sticky=(N,W))

F1 = Frame(FMas, bg="Green", bd=2, relief=GROOVE)
F1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=(N,W))

ChkBox1=IntVar()
CB1 = Checkbutton(F1, text="StartCheckBox", variable=ChkBox1)
CB1.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=2)

L2 = Label(FMas, text="Frame 2 Contents")
L2.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=5, sticky=(N,W))

Can1 = Canvas(FMas, bg="Yellow")
Can1.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=(N,W))

F2 = Frame(Can1, bg="Blue", bd=2, relief=GROOVE)
F2.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=(N,W))

rows = 10
for i in range(1,rows):
    for j in range(1,6):
        button = Button(F2, padx=7, pady=7, text="[%d,%d]" % (i,j))
        button.grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='news')

vsbar = Scrollbar(FMas, orient="vertical", command=Can1.yview)
vsbar.grid(row=3, column=1)

Can1.configure(yscrollcommand=vsbar.set, scrollregion=Can1.bbox("all"))

L3 = Label(FMas, text="Frame 3 Contents")
L3.grid(row=4, column=0, pady=5, sticky=(N,W))

F3 = Frame(FMas, bg="Red", bd=2, relief=GROOVE)
F3.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=(N,W))

ChkBox2=IntVar()
CB2 = Checkbutton(F3, text="EndCheckBox", variable=ChkBox2)
CB2.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=2)

mGui.mainloop()
sys.exit()

Answer 1

滚动条的高度与按钮框架高度不匹配，因为你没有告诉它坚持北和南.grid(..., sticky='ns')

然后，此处描述了您要实现的滚动行为： 将滚动条添加到一组窗口小部件

另请参阅@ martineau的答案，了解更加通用的面向对象的2D滚动解决方案（水平和垂直）

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

frame_main = tk.Frame(root, bg="gray")
frame_main.grid(sticky='news')

label1 = tk.Label(frame_main, text="Label 1", fg="green")
label1.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=(5, 0), sticky='nw')

label2 = tk.Label(frame_main, text="Label 2", fg="blue")
label2.grid(row=1, column=0, pady=(5, 0), sticky='nw')

label3 = tk.Label(frame_main, text="Label 3", fg="red")
label3.grid(row=3, column=0, pady=5, sticky='nw')

# Create a frame for the canvas with non-zero row&column weights
frame_canvas = tk.Frame(frame_main)
frame_canvas.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=(5, 0), sticky='nw')
frame_canvas.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame_canvas.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Set grid_propagate to False to allow 5-by-5 buttons resizing later
frame_canvas.grid_propagate(False)

# Add a canvas in that frame
canvas = tk.Canvas(frame_canvas, bg="yellow")
canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="news")

# Link a scrollbar to the canvas
vsb = tk.Scrollbar(frame_canvas, orient="vertical", command=canvas.yview)
vsb.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ns')
canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=vsb.set)

# Create a frame to contain the buttons
frame_buttons = tk.Frame(canvas, bg="blue")
canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=frame_buttons, anchor='nw')

# Add 9-by-5 buttons to the frame
rows = 9
columns = 5
buttons = [[tk.Button() for j in xrange(columns)] for i in xrange(rows)]
for i in range(0, rows):
    for j in range(0, columns):
        buttons[i][j] = tk.Button(frame_buttons, text=("%d,%d" % (i+1, j+1)))
        buttons[i][j].grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='news')

# Update buttons frames idle tasks to let tkinter calculate buttons sizes
frame_buttons.update_idletasks()

# Resize the canvas frame to show exactly 5-by-5 buttons and the scrollbar
first5columns_width = sum([buttons[0][j].winfo_width() for j in range(0, 5)])
first5rows_height = sum([buttons[i][0].winfo_height() for i in range(0, 5)])
frame_canvas.config(width=first5columns_width + vsb.winfo_width(),
                    height=first5rows_height)

# Set the canvas scrolling region
canvas.config(scrollregion=canvas.bbox("all"))

# Launch the GUI
root.mainloop()

Answer 2

虽然这是一个有点过时的问题，但这里有一个不同的答案，它不使用tkinter事件处理，从而避免了它所需的不必要的开销。

尽管代码是从OP派生的，但我已经进行了大量的代码格式更改，因此它更符合PEP 8 - Python Code样式指南，这导致许多变量名称被更改。 我还修改了体系结构，因此应用程序是root tkinter.Tk窗口窗口小部件类的子类。 我做了这些事情，希望结果更容易理解，并为编写类似tkinter的应用程序提供更好的模板。

就像@Josselin的回答一样，它将Canvas和每个Scrollbar小部件嵌套在另一个Frame ，这使得它们可以使用tkinter的grid()布局管理器轻松地在垂直和水平方向上并排放置。

代码已进一步扩展，因此网格还具有水平滚动条，允许在该方向和垂直方向上滚动其内容。

import tkinter as tk

LABEL_BG = "#ccc"  # Light gray.
ROWS, COLS = 10, 6  # Size of grid.
ROWS_DISP = 3  # Number of rows to display.
COLS_DISP = 4  # Number of columns to display.

class MyApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, title="Sample App", *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.title(title)
        self.configure(background="Gray")
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        master_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="Light Blue", bd=3, relief=tk.RIDGE)
        master_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)
        master_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        label1 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame1 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label1.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        frame1 = tk.Frame(master_frame, bg="Green", bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
        frame1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        cb_var1 = tk.IntVar()
        checkbutton1 = tk.Checkbutton(frame1, text="StartCheckBox", variable=cb_var1)
        checkbutton1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=2)

        label2 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame2 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label2.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        # Create a frame for the canvas and scrollbar(s).
        frame2 = tk.Frame(master_frame)
        frame2.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        # Add a canvas in that frame.
        canvas = tk.Canvas(frame2, bg="Yellow")
        canvas.grid(row=0, column=0)

        # Create a vertical scrollbar linked to the canvas.
        vsbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame2, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=canvas.yview)
        vsbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.NS)
        canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=vsbar.set)

        # Create a horizontal scrollbar linked to the canvas.
        hsbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame2, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, command=canvas.xview)
        hsbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)
        canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=hsbar.set)

        # Create a frame on the canvas to contain the buttons.
        buttons_frame = tk.Frame(canvas, bg="Red", bd=2)

        # Add the buttons to the frame.
        for i in range(1, ROWS+1):
            for j in range(1, COLS+1):
                button = tk.Button(buttons_frame, padx=7, pady=7, relief=tk.RIDGE,
                                   text="[%d, %d]" % (i, j))
                button.grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='news')

        # Create canvas window to hold the buttons_frame.
        canvas.create_window((0,0), window=buttons_frame, anchor=tk.NW)

        buttons_frame.update_idletasks()  # Needed to make bbox info available.
        bbox = canvas.bbox(tk.ALL)  # Get bounding box of canvas with Buttons.
        #print('canvas.bbox(tk.ALL): {}'.format(bbox))

        # Define the scrollable region as entire canvas with only the desired
        # number of rows and columns displayed.
        w, h = bbox[2]-bbox[1], bbox[3]-bbox[1]
        dw, dh = int((w/COLS) * COLS_DISP), int((h/ROWS) * ROWS_DISP)
        canvas.configure(scrollregion=bbox, width=dw, height=dh)

        label3 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame3 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label3.grid(row=4, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        frame3 = tk.Frame(master_frame, bg="Blue", bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
        frame3.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        cb_var2 = tk.IntVar()
        checkbutton2 = tk.Checkbutton(frame3, text="EndCheckBox", variable=cb_var2)
        checkbutton2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp("Scrollable Canvas")
    app.mainloop()

以下是它的运行情况：