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Python:为什么这段代码失败了? 将变量分配给for循环中的自身列表

[英]Python: why does this code fail? assigning variable to list of itself in for loop

a = 'hello'
b = None
c = None
for x in [a, b, c]:
    if isinstance(x, (basestring, dict, int, float)) or x is None:
        x = [x]
a

返回“你好”,但预期['你好']。 但是,这有效:

a = 'hello'
a = [a]
a

返回['你好']

要实现这一点,首先你要了解你有两个不同的结果,a和x(对于每个元素),以及列表[a,b,c]的引用,仅在for循环中使用,而且永远不会更多。

为了实现目标,您可以这样做:

a = 'hello'
b = None
c = None
lst = [a, b, c] #here I create a reference for a list containing the three references above
for i,x in enumerate(lst):
    if isinstance(x, (str,dict, int, float)) or x is None: #here I used str instead basestring
        lst[i] = [x]

print(lst[0]) #here I print the reference inside the list, that's why the value is now showed modified

['你好']

但正如我所说,如果你打印(a)它会再次显示:

'你好'#here我打印了变量a的值,没有修改

因为你从来没有做过任何事。

看一下这个问题,了解更多关于引用的信息如何通过引用传递变量?

让我们一次完成这一行;

a = 'hello'  # assigns 'hello' to a.
b = None  # etc...
c = None
for x in [a, b, c]:  # Creates list from the values in 'a' 'b' and 'c', then iterates over them.
    # This if statement is always True. x is always either a string, or None.
    if isinstance(x, (basestring, dict, int, float)) or x is None:
        x = [x]  # On the first iteration, sets variable to the expected ['hello']
        # After that though - it replaces it with [None]
a  # = 'hello' - you have not assigned anything to the variable except on the first line.

唯一设置为['hello']变量是x ,用None快速覆盖。 如果您将if检查更改为exclude or x is None并分配给a而不是x ,则可以获得所需的结果。

值得注意的是,当你启动for循环时会创建列表[a, b, c] 改变a bc在for循环将没有任何效果-这样的名单已经产生。

其他答案很棒。 我认为,概括来说,list元素是不可变的/可散列的,因此for循环返回一个副本,而不是对原始对象的引用。 我应该发现这一点,但教我编码太长时间不睡觉!

我最终使用了这个:

def lst(x):
    if isinstance(x, (basestring, dict, int, float)) or x is None:
        x = [x]
    return x
[a, b, c] = map(lst, [a, b, c])

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