错误：“参数”未命名类型，.cpp和.h文件可能存在问题

Question

我读了好几个小时的这个问题（似乎很常见），却没有找到适合我情况的解决方案。 我了解可能与包含的文件和库有关，但是我实际上无法找到问题所在。

这是一个使用MQTT客户端库的Arduino脚本。 它与旧的PubSubClient.h库完美配合。

现在我想用最近的一个库来更新。 函数定义已更改，因此我在草图中进行了更改，并切换了Arduino / library目录中的lib，然后重新启动了Arduino IDE。 我收到很多“错误：'参数'没有命名类型”，我真的不知道要解决什么。

在这里，您可以找到.h和.cpp文件的组织来了解发生了什么。

//device.ino文件

#include "device.h"

//device.h文件

#ifndef DEVICE_H
#define DEVICE_H

#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <jsmn.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <pgmspace.h>
#include "mqtt.h"

#endif

mqtt.h文件

#ifndef MQTT_H
#define MQTT_H

#include "device.h"

#endif

mqtt.cpp文件

#include "mqtt.h"

WiFiClient wifi_client;
PubSubClient mqtt_client(wifi_client);
mqtt_client.setServer(mqtt_server, MQTT_BROKER_PORT);
mqtt_client.setCallback(mqtt_callback);

最后，编译器抛出错误：mqtt.cpp：19：错误：'mqtt_client'未命名类型

     mqtt_client.setServer(mqtt_server, MQTT_BROKER_PORT);

     ^

    mqtt.cpp:20: error: 'mqtt_client' does not name a type

     mqtt_client.setCallback(mqtt_callback);

     ^

    sketch\mqtt.cpp: In function 'void mqtt_publish_mex(String, String, bool)':

    mqtt.cpp:27: error: no matching function for call to 'PubSubClient::publish(String&, String&, bool&)'

             if (mqtt_client.publish(topic, jmex, retained)) {

                                                          ^

    sketch\mqtt.cpp:27:54: note: candidates are:

    In file included from sketch\Walvola.h:25:0,

                     from sketch\mqtt.h:4,

                     from sketch\mqtt.cpp:1:

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:130:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const char*)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const char* payload);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:130:12: note:   candidate expects 2 arguments, 3 provided

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:131:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const char*, boolean)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const char* payload, boolean retained);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:131:12: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'String' to 'const char*'

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:132:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const uint8_t*, unsigned int)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:132:12: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'String' to 'const char*'

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:133:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const uint8_t*, unsigned int, boolean)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength, boolean retained);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:133:12: note:   candidate expects 4 arguments, 3 provided

    sketch\mqtt.cpp: In function 'void mqtt_log(String)':

    mqtt.cpp:347: error: no matching function for call to 'PubSubClient::publish(const String&, String&)'

             mqtt_client.publish(mqtt_controllers_topic_debug, json_string);

                                                                          ^

    sketch\mqtt.cpp:347:70: note: candidates are:

    In file included from sketch\Walvola.h:25:0,

                     from sketch\mqtt.h:4,

                     from sketch\mqtt.cpp:1:

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:130:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const char*)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const char* payload);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:130:12: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from 'const String' to 'const char*'

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:131:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const char*, boolean)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const char* payload, boolean retained);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:131:12: note:   candidate expects 3 arguments, 2 provided

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:132:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const uint8_t*, unsigned int)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:132:12: note:   candidate expects 3 arguments, 2 provided

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:133:12: note: boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char*, const uint8_t*, unsigned int, boolean)

        boolean publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength, boolean retained);

                ^

    C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\Documents\Arduino\libraries\pubsubclient\src/PubSubClient.h:133:12: note:   candidate expects 4 arguments, 2 provided

    In file included from sketch\mqtt.h:4:0,

                     from sketch\mqtt.cpp:1:

    sketch\mqtt.cpp: In function 'void mqtt_callback(char*, byte*, unsigned int)':

    mqtt.cpp:375: error: request for member 'payload_string' in 'payload', which is of non-class type 'byte* {aka unsigned char*}'

             log(payload.payload_string());

                         ^

    sketch\Walvola.h:89:67: note: in definition of macro 'log'

     #define log(mex) if (DEBUG) {Serial.println(walvola_time + "::" + mex);Serial.flush(); if(MQTT_DEBUG) {mqtt_log(walvola_time + "::" + mex);}}

                                                                       ^

    mqtt.cpp:375: error: request for member 'payload_string' in 'payload', which is of non-class type 'byte* {aka unsigned char*}'

             log(payload.payload_string());

                         ^

    sketch\Walvola.h:89:135: note: in definition of macro 'log'

     #define log(mex) if (DEBUG) {Serial.println(walvola_time + "::" + mex);Serial.flush(); if(MQTT_DEBUG) {mqtt_log(walvola_time + "::" + mex);}}

                                                                                                                                           ^

    mqtt.cpp:379: error: request for member 'payload_string' in 'payload', which is of non-class type 'byte* {aka unsigned char*}'

             if (mqtt2JSONkvs(payload.payload_string())) {

                                      ^

    mqtt.cpp:404: error: a function-definition is not allowed here before '{' token

     {

     ^

    mqtt.cpp:512: error: expected '}' at end of input

     }

     ^

    Più di una libreria trovata per "WiFiClient.h"
    Usata: C:\Users\Fabrizio & Dario\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.3.0\libraries\ESP8266WiFi
    Non usata: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\WiFi
    Non usata: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\WiFi
    Non usata: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\WiFi
    Non usata: C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries\WiFi
    exit status 1
    'mqtt_client' does not name a type

谢谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

写作时

WiFiClient wifi_client;
PubSubClient mqtt_client(wifi_client);
mqtt_client.setServer(mqtt_server, MQTT_BROKER_PORT);
mqtt_client.setCallback(mqtt_callback);

前两行还不错=>您正在声明名为wifi_client和mqtt_client全局变量

问题来自电话

mqtt_client.setServer(mqtt_server, MQTT_BROKER_PORT);
mqtt_client.setCallback(mqtt_callback);

您可以在全局范围内声明变量，但不能在函数外部调用函数（除非用于全局变量初始化），这就是为什么会出现此错误的原因。 您所指向的示例有所不同，因为变量位于函数中，因此，在其后立即调用方法是合法的：您位于函数上下文中。

因此，例如，您需要在main（）函数中移动调用，以使代码有效。

也就是说，将全局变量放在标头中可能会给您带来更多麻烦，因为您包含了来自不同cpp文件的文件，编译器将抱怨多个定义，但这不是（这里）问题。