如何通过在字符串中使用 \\u 或 \\U 转义来正确表示 python3 (3.6.1+) 中的补充 unicode 字符

Question

最近我在学习 python 并且在 python 3 中遇到了 unicode 转义文字的问题。

似乎与 Java 一样，\\u 转义符被解释为 Java 使用的 UTF-16 代码点，但问题来了：

例如，如果我尝试放置一个 3 个字节的 utf-8 字符，如“♬”（ https://unicode-table.com/en/266C/ ），甚至是补充的 unicode 字符，如“𠜎”（ https://unicode -table.com/en/2070E/ ) 格式为 \\uXXXX 或 \\UXXXXXXXX 的普通字符串如下：

print('\u00E2\u99AC')  # UTF-8, messy code for sure
print('\U00E299AC')    # UTF-8, with 8 bytes \U, (unicode error) for sure
print('\u266C')        # UTF-16 BE, music note appeares
# from which I suppose \u and \U function the same way they should do in Java
# (may be a little different since they function like macro in Java, and can be useed in comments)

# However, while print('\u266C') gives me '♬'，'\u266C' == '♬' is equal to false
# which is true in Java semantics.
# Further more, print('\UD841DF0E') didn't give me '𠜎' : (unicode error) 'unicodeescape' codec can't decode bytes in position 0-9: illegal Unicode character
# which I suppose it should be, so it appears to me that I may get it wrong
# Here again : print('\uD841\uDF0E')  # Error, 'utf-8' codec can't encode characters in position 0-1: surrogates not allowed

print('\xD8\x41\xDF\x0E')  # also tried this, messy code
# maybe UTF-16 LE?
print('\u41D8\u0EDF')  # messy code
print('\U41D80EDF')  # error

所以，我可以看到python“不支持补充转义文字”，它的行为也很奇怪。

好吧，我已经知道解码和编码这些字符的正确方法：

s_decoded = '\\xe2\\x99\\xac'.encode().decode('unicode-escape')\
               .encode('latin-1').decode('utf-8')
print(b'\xf0\xa0\x9c\x8e'.decode('utf-8'))
print(b'\xd8\x41\xdf\x0e'.decode('utf-16 be'))
assert s_decoded == '♬'

但是仍然不知道如何正确使用 \\u \u0026amp; \\U 转义文字。 希望有人能指出我做错了什么以及它与 Java 的方式有何不同，谢谢！

对了，我的环境是PyCharm win，python 3.6.1，源码编码为UTF-8

Answer 1

Python 3.6.3：

>>> print('\u266c') # U+266C
♬
>>> print('\U0002070E') # U+2070E.  Python is not Java
𠜎
>>> '\u266c' == '♬'
True
>>> '\U0002070E' == '𠜎'
True