如何在Python中串联文件

Question

我是Python的新手，尝试并排连接三个文件（示例中的很多解释）

文件1

localhost
localhost1

文件2

127.0.0.1
127.0.0.2

文件3

localhost.example.com
localhost.example.com

码

filenames = ['file1', 'file2', 'file3']
with open('final_outoput.txt', 'w') as outfile: 
    for fname in filenames:
        with open(fname) as infile:
        for line in infile:
            outfile.write(line) 

但这会产生输出

localhost
localhost1
127.0.0.1
127.0.0.2
localhost.example.com
localhost1.example.com

但我需要输出为：

localhost 127.0.0.1 localhost.example.com
localhost1 127.0.0.2 localhost1.example.com

或更好的列表

[[localhost,127.0.0.1,localhost.example.com],[localhost1 127.0.0.2 localhost1.example.com]]

或最后的最佳选择

{"hostname":"localhost","ip_address":127.0.0.1,"lb_name":"localhost.example.com"],["hostname":"localhost1","ip_address":127.0.0.2,"lb_name":"localhost1.example.com"]]

Answer 1

对于第三个选项（假设您希望使用JSON格式）：

import json

with open('file1') as f1, open('file2') as f2, open('file3') as f3, open('final_outoput.txt', 'w') as outfile:
    json.dump([
        {'hostname': h, 'ip_address': i, 'lb_name': l}
        for h, i, l in zip(*(f.read().splitlines() for f in (f1, f2, f3)))
    ], outfile)

Answer 2

您可以使用izip_longest一次读取多个文件：

码：

filenames = 'file1 file2 file3'.split()

import itertools as it
with open('final_output.txt', 'w') as outfile:
    files = [open(fname, 'rU') for fname in filenames]
    for text in it.zip_longest(*files):
        outfile.write(
            '\t'.join(t.strip() if t else '' for t in text) + '\n')

for f in files:
    f.close()

结果：

localhost   127.0.0.1   localhost.example.com
localhost1  127.0.0.2   localhost.example.com

作为列表：

import itertools as it
output = []
with open('final_output.txt', 'w') as outfile:
    files = [open(fname, 'rU') for fname in filenames]
    for text in it.zip_longest(*files):
        output.append(list(t.strip() if t else '' for t in text))

for f in files:
    f.close()

for data in output:
    print(data)

结果：

['localhost', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost.example.com']
['localhost1', '127.0.0.2', 'localhost.example.com']

Answer 3

这是您的修改后的脚本：

filenames = ['file1', 'file2', 'file3']
d=[]
for fname in filenames:
    d.append([])
    with open(fname+'.txt') as infile:
        for line in infile:
            d[-1]+=[line.strip()]
d=zip(*d)
with open('final_outoput.txt', 'w')as outfile:
    outfile.write(str(list(map(lambda x:dict(hostname=x[0],id_address=x[1],lb_name=x[2]),d))))

outoput.txt变成：

[{'id_address': '127.0.0.1', 'lb_name': 'localhost.example.com', 'hostname': 'localhost'}, {'id_address': '127.0.0.2', 'lb_name': 'localhost.example.com', 'hostname': 'localhost1'}]