带有 Selenium ClassNotFoundException 的 Spring Boot JUnit：org.apache.xml.utils.PrefixResolver

Question

我正在尝试使用 selenium 运行一个简单的测试，但是当我运行我的测试时出现 ClassNotFoundException 并且我不知道要导入什么依赖项来解决这个问题。

我找不到任何与此不同的示例。

我正在使用 Java 8 和 spring-boot 1.5.10.RELEASE

你们能帮我解决这个问题吗？

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class VersaoControllerTest extends AbstractTest{

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private WebDriver webDriver;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        this.webDriver.get("/");
    }
}

pom.xml

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

错误：

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.xml.utils.PrefixResolver
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.javascript.configuration.JavaScriptConfiguration.<clinit>(JavaScriptConfiguration.java:407) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.javascript.JavaScriptEngine.<init>(JavaScriptEngine.java:129) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.init(WebClient.java:239) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.<init>(WebClient.java:213) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.<init>(WebClient.java:204) ~[htmlunit-2.21.jar:2.21]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.web.htmlunit.LocalHostWebClient.<init>(LocalHostWebClient.java:40) ~[spring-boot-test-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration.mockMvcWebClientBuilder(MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration.java:55) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$90ad153.CGLIB$mockMvcWebClientBuilder$0(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$90ad153$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$cf4a3653.invoke(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228) ~[spring-core-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:358) ~[spring-context-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$90ad153.mockMvcWebClientBuilder(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[?:1.8.0_131]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:588) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1173) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1067) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:513) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761) ~[spring-beans-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867) ~[spring-context-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543) ~[spring-context-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:122) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:693) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303) ~[spring-boot-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120) ~[spring-boot-test-1.5.10.RELEASE.jar:1.5.10.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) ~[spring-test-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) ~[spring-test-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar:4.3.14.RELEASE]
    ... 27 more

Answer 1

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException

Java 中的ClassNotFoundException是java.lang.Exception的子类，当Java 虚拟机尝试加载特定类但在类路径中找不到请求的类时发生。 它是一个已检查的异常，并且需要明确的异常处理方法来处理可能通过使用try-catch块或使用throws子句抛出ClassNotFoundException 的情况。

根据Java Docs ClassNotFoundException出现在以下情况中：

1. 当我们尝试使用Class.forName()方法加载类时，类路径中没有.class文件或类的二进制文件。
2. 当Classloader尝试使用findSystemClass()方法加载类时。
3. 在 Java 中使用ClassLoader 类的loadClass()方法时。

ClassNotFoundExcepiton仅在 JVM 尝试在运行时加载类但与编译时无关时才会出现，这与NoClassDefFoundError不同。 这是因为直到运行时 JVM 都不知道这个类，它只能通过上面指定的方法或通过使用反射从某些配置中读取类的名称然后加载这些配置文件中指定的类来完成。

---

这个用例

该错误确实给了我们一个提示，如下所示：

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.xml.utils.PrefixResolver

根据pom.xml您清楚地共享了<version>xyz</version>标记丢失。 你需要改变如下：

• selenium-api

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-api --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId> <version>3.10.0</version> </dependency>

• selenium-htmlunit-driver

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-htmlunit-driver --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId> <version>2.52.0</version> </dependency>

当您另外使用spring-boot 1.5.10 时，您可能还需要添加以下任一<dependency> ：

• selenium-java

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>3.10.0</version> </dependency>

• selenium-server

   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-server --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId> <version>3.10.0</version> </dependency>