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[英]Create a Django model instance concurrent with the creation of another Django model instance
[英]Autofill Django model fields when create instance of another model
我有三种模型Student,Question和StudentAndQuestion
class Student(models.Model):
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "Students"
name = models.CharField(max_length=150)
surname = models.CharField(max_length=150)
code = models.CharField(max_length=10)
# group = models.ForeignKey(Group,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
points = models.IntegerField(default=0)
class Question(models.Model):
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "Questions"
text = models.CharField(max_length=1500)
variants = models.CharField(max_length=1500)
theme = models.OneToOneField(Theme, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
anwser = models.CharField(max_length=1500)
class StudentAndQuestion(models.Model):
question = models.OneToOneField(Question,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
student = models.OneToOneField(Student,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
is_learned = models.BooleanField(default=0)
points = models.IntegerField(default=0)
当我创建学生的新实例时(例如,为所有Question创建行并将点设置为零),当我创建Question的新实例时,我希望Django将其填充到StudentAndQuestion中
您可以收听保存这些模型时发出的Post Save Signal ,并在处理程序中进行所需的创建。 该信号使用名为created
的参数调用处理程序,如果创建了新记录,则该参数为True
。
请参阅有关信号的文档以了解如何注册您的处理程序。 样本如下
from django.db.models.signals import post_delete, post_save
from .models import Student, Question, StudentAndQuestion
def add_question_to_students(sender, instance, created, *args, **kwargs):
question = instance
if created:
StudentAndQuestion.objects.bulk_create([
StudentAndQuestion(question=question, student_id=student_id)
for student_id in Student.objects.values_list("id", flat=True)
])
def add_student_to_question(sender, instance, created, *args, **kwargs):
student = instance
if created:
StudentAndQuestion.objects.bulk_create([
StudentAndQuestion(question=question_id, student=student)
for question_id in Question.objects.values_list("id", flat=True)
])
post_save.connect(add_question_to_students, sender=Question)
post_save.connect(add_student_to_question, sender=Student)
或者,您可以覆盖两个模型中的保存以执行相同的操作
class Question(models.Model):
....
def save(*args, **kwargs):
is_create = self.pk is None
instance = super().save(*args, **kwargs)
add_question_to_students(Question, self, is_created)
class Student(models.Model):
....
def save(*args, **kwargs):
is_create = self.pk is None
instance = super().save(*args, **kwargs)
add_student_to_question(Student, self, is_created)
我觉得后面的内容比较清晰,因为更容易找出保存时的所有情况,但是如果模型位于不同的应用程序中,则会导致循环依赖。
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