将两个特定的Linux命令合并为一个

Question

我想结合使用2个Linux命令：

第一条命令：

cut -f 1 -d: /etc/passwd | xargs -n 1 -I {} bash -c "echo -e \"\n{}\"; chage -l {}" >> users-list.log

第二条命令：

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7

第一个命令获取用户以及每个用户的所有详细信息，第二个命令获取登录shell。

当前，第一个命令具有以下输出：

dante
Last password change                    : Aug 18, 2017
Password expires                    : never
Password inactive                   : never
Account expires                     : never
Minimum number of days between password change      : 0
Maximum number of days between password change      : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires   : 7

marion
Last password change                    : Aug 28, 2017
Password expires                    : never
Password inactive                   : never
Account expires                     : never
Minimum number of days between password change      : 0
Maximum number of days between password change      : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires   : 7

我希望我的users-list.log文件中的新输出看起来像这样（“ Linux sheel”的间距无关紧要）：

dante
Last password change                    : Aug 18, 2017
Password expires                    : never
Password inactive                   : never
Account expires                     : never
Minimum number of days between password change      : 0
Maximum number of days between password change      : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires   : 7
Linux shell                                         : /bin/bash

marion
Last password change                    : Aug 28, 2017
Password expires                    : never
Password inactive                   : never
Account expires                     : never
Minimum number of days between password change      : 0
Maximum number of days between password change      : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires   : 7
Linux shell                                         : /bin/bash

有什么方法可以通过单个命令来实现吗？

最好的问候，罗曼

Answer 1

使用以下命令

cat /etc/passwd | xargs -n1 -I{} bash -c 'a=`echo "{}" | cut -f1 -d:`; echo -e "\n$a"; chage -l $a; echo -e "Linux shell\t: " `echo "{}" | cut -f7 -d:`' >> users-list.log

为了便于阅读，下面对其进行了细分

cat /etc/passwd | xargs -n1 -I{} bash -c '
  a=`echo "{}" | cut -f1 -d:`;
  echo -e "\n$a";
  chage -l $a;
  echo -e "Linux shell\t: " `echo "{}" | cut -f7 -d:`
' >> users-list.log

反引号内的命令由外壳程序评估。 参考： https : //unix.stackexchange.com/questions/48392/understanding-backtick