在pygame中循环-它永远不会继续，但会不断循环； 我在想什么

Question

更新：添加了完整脚本-启动脚本时，先播放然后再启动。 它将运行问卷，但不会如您所见更新（很快，然后重置；可能是由于循环的影响）。

所以，首先：嗨。 我尝试在pygame中运行一个简单的问卷。 到目前为止，一切看起来还不错。 但是，我遇到了一个问题，直到现在我还是无法解决。 我尝试在pygame窗口中运行一个函数（def_quiz），但是当我将此函数放在play_function中的“ while True”下面时，它将继续循环（逻辑上）。 我试图将其粘贴到其他位置，例如，在“ while True”语句上方，但随后我的按钮不再起作用。 我想念什么？ 我该如何解决我的问题？ 我只想只玩一次测验功能中的所有问题。

# Import pygame and libraries
from pygame.locals import *
from random import randrange
import os
import pygame

# Import pygameMenu
import pygameMenu
from pygameMenu.locals import *

ABOUT = ['Game version: 2.0',
         'Author: Mandy Koopman',
         PYGAMEMENU_TEXT_NEWLINE,
         'Email: mn.koopman@st.hanze.nl']
COLOR_BACKGROUND = (200, 200, 200)
COLOR_BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
COLOR_WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
FPS = 60.0
MENU_BACKGROUND_COLOR = (228, 55, 36)
WINDOW_SIZE = (1280, 720)
display_width = 1280
display_height = 720

red   = (200,0,0)
green = (0,200,0)
black = (0,0,0)

bright_red = (255,0,0)
bright_green = (0,255,0)

question_prompts = [
             "What color are apples?",
             "What color are bananas?"
             "How old are you",
        ]

answer_prompts = [("Antwoord A", "Antwoord B", "Antwoord C"), ("Antwoord A", "Antwoord B", "Antwoord C"),["a", "b", "c"]]

score_prompts = [(1,2,3),(1,2,3),[1,2,3]]
lijst = (0,1,2)


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Init pygame
pygame.init()
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1'

# Create pygame screen and objects
surface = pygame.display.set_mode(WINDOW_SIZE)
style = pygame.display.set_mode(WINDOW_SIZE)
pygame.display.set_caption('Health Aware Game V2.0')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
dt = 1 / FPS

# Global variables
game_topic = ['SPORTS']


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

def change_difficulty(d):
    """
    Change difficulty of the game.

    :return: 
    """
    print ('Selected difficulty: {0}'.format(d))
    game_topic[0] = d


def random_color():
    """
    Return random color.

    :return: Color tuple
    """
    return randrange(0, 255), randrange(0, 255), randrange(0, 255)

def text_objects(text, font):
    textSurface = font.render(text, True, black)
    return textSurface, textSurface.get_rect()


def button(msg,x,y,w,h,ic,ac):
    mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
    click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
    if x+w > mouse[0] > x and y+h > mouse[1] > y:
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, ac,(x,y,w,h))

        if click[0] == 1:
            return True
    else:
        pygame.draw.rect(surface, ic,(x,y,w,h))


    smallText = pygame.font.SysFont("arial",30)
    textSurf, textRect = text_objects(msg, smallText)
    textRect.center = ( (x+(w/2)), (y+(h/2)) )
    surface.blit(textSurf, textRect)

def update():
    for i in range(len(question_prompts)):
        count = i
        if i <= len(question_prompts):
            quiz(count)
        if i == len(question_prompts):
            print ("end")
        return count

def quiz(count):
    events = pygame.event.get()
    style.fill(pygame.Color("red"))
    largeText = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',40)
    TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects(question_prompts[count], largeText)
    TextRect.center = ((display_width/2),(display_height/3))
    style.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)
    if button("Antwoord A",150,450,200,100,green,bright_green) == True:
        print ("A")
        count +=1
    elif button("Antwoord B",550,450,200,100,red,bright_red) == True:
        print ("B")
        count +=1
    elif button("Antwoord C",950,450,200,100,red,bright_red) == True:
        print ("C")
        count +=1

def play_function(game_topic, font):
    """
    Main game function

    :param difficulty: Difficulty of the game
    :param font: Pygame font
    :return: None
    """
    #game_topic = game_topic[0]
    #assert isinstance(game_topic, str)

    #if game_topic == 'SPORTS':
    #     f = font.render('Playing as normie', 1, COLOR_WHITE)
    #elif game_topic == 'FOOD':
    #    f = font.render('Playing as normie', 1, COLOR_WHITE)
    #elif game_topic == 'SLEEP':
    #    f = font.render('Playing as god', 1, COLOR_WHITE)
    #else:
    #    raise Exception('Unknown difficulty {0}'.format(game_topic))

    # Draw random color and text
    #bg_color = random_color()
    #f_width = f.get_size()[0]

    # Reset main menu and disable
    # You also can set another menu, like a 'pause menu', or just use the same
    # main_menu as the menu that will check all your input.

    main_menu.disable()
    main_menu.reset(1)



    while True:

        # Clock tick
        clock.tick(60)

        # Application events


        update()
        playevents = pygame.event.get()



        for e in playevents:
            if e.type == QUIT:
                exit()
            elif e.type == KEYDOWN:
                if e.key == K_ESCAPE:
                    if main_menu.is_disabled():
                        main_menu.enable()

                        # Quit this function, then skip to loop of main-menu on line 197
                        return

        # Pass events to main_menu
        main_menu.mainloop(playevents)

        # Continue playing
        #surface.fill(bg_color)
        #surface.blit(f, ((WINDOW_SIZE[0] - f_width) / 2, WINDOW_SIZE[1] / 2))

        clock.tick(15)
        pygame.display.flip()



def main_background():
    """
    Function used by menus, draw on background while menu is active.

    :return: None
    """
    surface.fill(COLOR_BACKGROUND)

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PLAY MENU
play_menu = pygameMenu.Menu(surface,
                            bgfun=main_background,
                            color_selected=COLOR_WHITE,
                            font=pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_BEBAS,
                            font_color=COLOR_BLACK,
                            font_size=30,
                            menu_alpha=100,
                            menu_color=MENU_BACKGROUND_COLOR,
                            menu_height=int(WINDOW_SIZE[1] * 0.8),
                            menu_width=int(WINDOW_SIZE[0] * 0.8),
                            onclose=PYGAME_MENU_DISABLE_CLOSE,
                            option_shadow=False,
                            title='Play menu',
                            window_height=WINDOW_SIZE[1],
                            window_width=WINDOW_SIZE[0]
                            )
# When pressing return -> play(DIFFICULTY[0], font)
play_menu.add_option('Start', play_function, game_topic,
                     pygame.font.Font(pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_FRANCHISE, 30))
play_menu.add_selector('Select game topic', [('Movement & Sports', 'SPORTS'),
                                             ('Food & Health', 'FOOD'),
                                             ('Sleep & Rest', 'SLEEP'),
                                             ('Other games', 'GAMES')],
                       onreturn=None,
                       onchange=change_difficulty)
play_menu.add_option('Return to main menu', PYGAME_MENU_BACK)

#highscores
high_menu = pygameMenu.Menu(surface,
                            bgfun=main_background,
                            color_selected=COLOR_WHITE,
                            font=pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_BEBAS,
                            font_color=COLOR_BLACK,
                            font_size=30,
                            menu_alpha=100,
                            menu_color=MENU_BACKGROUND_COLOR,
                            menu_height=int(WINDOW_SIZE[1] * 0.8),
                            menu_width=int(WINDOW_SIZE[0] * 0.8),
                            onclose=PYGAME_MENU_DISABLE_CLOSE,
                            option_shadow=False,
                            title='Highscores',
                            window_height=WINDOW_SIZE[1],
                            window_width=WINDOW_SIZE[0]
                            )
# When pressing return -> play(DIFFICULTY[0], font)

high_menu.add_selector('Select highscores', [('Movement & Sports', 'SPORTS'),
                                             ('Food & Health', 'FOOD'),
                                             ('Sleep & Rest', 'SLEEP'),
                                             ('Other games', 'GAMES')],
                       onreturn=None,
                       onchange=change_difficulty)
high_menu.add_option('Start', play_function, game_topic,
                     pygame.font.Font(pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_FRANCHISE, 30))

high_menu.add_option('Return to main menu', PYGAME_MENU_BACK)


# ABOUT MENU
about_menu = pygameMenu.TextMenu(surface,
                                 bgfun=main_background,
                                 color_selected=COLOR_WHITE,
                                 font=pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_BEBAS,
                                 font_color=COLOR_BLACK,
                                 font_size_title=30,
                                 font_title=pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_8BIT,
                                 menu_color=MENU_BACKGROUND_COLOR,
                                 menu_color_title=COLOR_WHITE,
                                 menu_height=int(WINDOW_SIZE[1] * 0.8),
                                 menu_width=int(WINDOW_SIZE[0] * 0.8),
                                 onclose=PYGAME_MENU_DISABLE_CLOSE,
                                 option_shadow=False,
                                 text_color=COLOR_BLACK,
                                 text_fontsize=20,
                                 title='About',
                                 window_height=WINDOW_SIZE[1],
                                 window_width=WINDOW_SIZE[0]
                                 )
for m in ABOUT:
    about_menu.add_line(m)
about_menu.add_line(PYGAMEMENU_TEXT_NEWLINE)
about_menu.add_option('Return to menu', PYGAME_MENU_BACK)

# MAIN MENU
main_menu = pygameMenu.Menu(surface,
                            bgfun=main_background,
                            color_selected=COLOR_WHITE,
                            font=pygameMenu.fonts.FONT_BEBAS,
                            font_color=COLOR_BLACK,
                            font_size=30,
                            menu_alpha=100,
                            menu_color=MENU_BACKGROUND_COLOR,
                            menu_height=int(WINDOW_SIZE[1] * 0.8),
                            menu_width=int(WINDOW_SIZE[0] * 0.8),
                            onclose=PYGAME_MENU_DISABLE_CLOSE,
                            option_shadow=False,
                            title='Main menu',
                            window_height=WINDOW_SIZE[1],
                            window_width=WINDOW_SIZE[0]
                            )
main_menu.add_option('Play', play_menu)
main_menu.add_option('Highscores', high_menu)
main_menu.add_option('About', about_menu)
main_menu.add_option('Quit', PYGAME_MENU_EXIT)


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main loop
while True:

    # Tick
    clock.tick(60)

    # Application events
    events = pygame.event.get()
    for event in events:
        if event.type == QUIT:
            exit()

    # Main menu
    main_menu.mainloop(events)

    # Flip surface
    pygame.display.flip()

Answer 1

您可能希望将按钮的创建/更新分离到一个在while循环内调用的不同函数，因为除非它们在那里，否则它们将无法正确更新。 或者，您可以尝试将quiz（）转换为状态机。

Answer 2

这是轮询事件队列并获取按下的键/按钮事件的函数：

events = pygame.event.get()

在while循环中，您提到此行永远不会运行，因此不会捕获事件。

此外，您不会调用clock.tick()

因此，您必须避免在play_function中使用一会儿（这是一种反模式，可以在while内调用这两个函数...正确的是，它们仅在主循环中被调用，因此将它们保留在当前位置）。 分配一个状态变量并将play_function转换为仅执行循环一次迭代的函数，返回主循环，您可以在其中再次调用pygame.event.get()并让主循环执行所有循环。 在状态（您定义）的情况下，主循环将再次调用play_function ，并检查这是否是play_function的首次执行，因此要执行“ current while”之前的行。 或play_function是，将play_function （例如play_init和play_main划分为2，并在单一状态下进行处理（如果要调用play_init或跳至play_main 。

例：

# Probably globals or better in a Class.
initialized = False
game_on = False

def play_function(playevents, game_topic, font):
    game_on = True;

def play_init():
    main_menu.disable()
    main_menu.reset(1)
    initialized = True

def play_action(playevents, game_topic, font):
    # skipping comments
    # add your stuff here

    update()

    for e in playevents:
        if e.type == KEYDOWN:
            if e.key == K_ESCAPE:
                if main_menu.is_disabled():
                    main_menu.enable()
                    game_on = False
                    initialized = False
                    return

    # Continue playing
    #surface.fill(bg_color)
    #surface.blit(f, ((WINDOW_SIZE[0] - f_width) / 2, WINDOW_SIZE[1] / 2))

# Main loop
while True:

    # Tick
    clock.tick(60 if (game_on == False) else 15)

    # Application events
    events = pygame.event.get()
    for event in events:
        if event.type == QUIT:
            exit()

    if game_on == True:
        if initialized == False:
            play_init()
        # this will be called every loop. this is what I am saying.
        play_action(events, game_topic, font) # expose args here
    else:
        # Main menu
        main_menu.mainloop(events)

    # Flip surface
    pygame.display.flip()