带有clarified_attr的SQLAlchemy声明性mixin类上的自引用外键关系

Question

我在SQLAlchemy应用程序的开始附近定义了一个mixin类，然后在我使用的几乎所有声明式模型上继承。

class Owned(object):

    @declared_attr
    def created_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def created_by(cls):
        return relationship("Account", foreign_keys = cls.created_by_id)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by(cls):
        return relationship("Account", foreign_keys = cls.updated_by_id)

这对于大多数预期的用例都适用。

class Thing(Owned, Base): # Base is from SQLAlchemy's declarative_base()
    pass

account = session.query(Account).first()

thing = Thing(created_by = account, updated_by = account)

session.add(thing)
session.commit()
session.refresh(thing)

assert thing.created_by == account # pass
assert thing.updated_by == account # pass

但是，当我将Account本身定义为继承自Owned时，会出现意外行为。

class Account(Owned, Base):
    pass

account_old = session.query(Account).first()

account_new = Account(created_by = account_old, updated_by = account_old)

session.add(account_new)
session.commit()
session.refresh(account_new)

assert account_new.created_by_id == account_old.id # pass
assert account_new.updated_by_id == account_old.id # pass

# BUT!

assert account_new.created_by == account_old # fail
assert account_new.updated_by == account_old # fail

account_new.created_by # []
account_new.updated_by # []

我看到在这种情况下，我已经将created_by_id和updated_by_id变成了自引用外键。 我不明白，但是，这就是为什么SQLAlchemy的未填充的相关relationship与预期的列Account的情况。

我究竟做错了什么？

Answer 1

在邻接表关系中 ，默认情况下将“方向”假定为一对多。 使用remote_side指令remote_side这种关系是多对一的，这是您要追求的：

def _create_relationship(cls, foreign_keys):
    kwgs = {}
    # Bit of a chicken or egg situation:
    if cls.__name__ == "Account":
        kwgs["remote_side"] = [cls.id]

    return relationship("Account", foreign_keys=foreign_keys, **kwgs)


class Owned:

    @declared_attr
    def created_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def created_by(cls):
        return _create_relationship(cls, cls.created_by_id)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by(cls):
        return _create_relationship(cls, cls.updated_by_id)