使用 pip 安装 mysqlclient 时出错，找不到 -lssl 的库

Question

我在 MacOS 上运行 mysql@8.x 版本，我已经用 brew 安装了 mysql 和 mysql-connector-o。 目前 brew 与 mysql 的链接。

在我的 python3 虚拟环境上运行 Django 项目我收到以下错误 -

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'.
Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?

在使用 pip 安装 mysqlclient 时，我收到以下错误

clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers -Dversion_info=(1,3,13,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.13 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12/include/mysql -I/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.13-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o
clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk build/temp.macosx-10.13-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12/lib -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.13-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.cpython-36m-darwin.so
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
error: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command "/Volumes/Samsung_T5/Work/python/repos/venv3/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-install-kf2fkhtc/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/tmp/pip-record-qwpjjw3e/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Volumes/Samsung_T5/Work/python/repos/venv3/bin/../include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-install-kf2fkhtc/mysqlclient/

Answer 1

正如jordanm指出的那样，问题正是与缺少的 openssl 库有关，为此我按照以下步骤解决了我的问题 -

1. 安装 openssl

    brew install openssl

2. 现在pip install mysqlclient应该可以工作了。

   如果它没有并且仍然显示library not found for -lssl相同的错误library not found for -lssl ，您还可以尝试链接到 brew 的 openssl：

    env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip install mysqlclient

   如果这仍然不起作用，您可能需要使用 pip 的 --no-cache 选项，例如

   env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip --no-cache install mysqlclient

Answer 2

通过 Homebrew 安装 openssl 后，我放置了

export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

在我的 .bash_profile 中运行

source .bash_profile

进而

pip install mysqlclient