cx_Freeze之后，Python可执行文件将无法运行

Question

我正在尝试创建一个独立程序，但是在使最终输出实际正常运行方面遇到困难。 我的实际代码是专有的，但我认为以下示例可能是一个不错的工作示例：

import pandas as pd
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog
#from datetime import datetime

# GUI
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Window if no changes
def window_if_empty(self,message):
    win = tk.Tk()
    win.geometry("400x300")
    win.title("Empty Output")
    Message = tk.Label(win, text = message)
    Message.pack()
    Close = tk.Button(win, text = "Close Window", command = win.destroy)
    Close.pack(anchor = "center")
    win.mainloop()

class Main(object):
    def __init_(self):
        pass

    # Create Main Page
    def MainPage(self,root):
        root.title("Test GUI")

        # Button for tracking changes
        track_changes = tk.Button(root, text = "Identify Changes Between Spreadsheets", command = self.Track_Changes)
        track_changes.place(relx = 0.5, rely = 0.4, anchor = "center")

    def Track_Changes(self):
        name_1 = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir = "/", title = "Select file #1", filetypes = (("xlsx files","*.xlsx"),("csv files", "*.csv"),("all files","*.*")))
        name_2 = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir = "/", title = "Select file #2", filetypes = (("xlsx files","*.xlsx"),("csv files", "*.csv"),("all files","*.*")))

        # Import File #1
        if name_1.endswith('.csv'):
            self.File_1 = pd.read_csv(name_1)
        elif name_1.endswith('.xlsx'):
            self.File_1 = pd.read_excel(name_1)

        # Import File #2
        if name_2.endswith('.csv'):
            self.File_2 = pd.read_csv(name_2)
        elif name_2.endswith('.xlsx'):
            self.File_2 = pd.read_excel(name_2)

        merged = self.File_1.merge(self.File_2, how = "outer", indicator = True)     
        old_data = merged[merged["_merge"] == "left_only"]
        old_data = old_data.reset_index(drop = True)
        new_data = merged[merged["_merge"] == "right_only"]
        new_data = new_data.reset_index(drop = True)

        self.Changed = new_data

        if self.Changed.empty:
            window_if_empty(self, "No changes tracked between LMS files.")
        else:
            save_name = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension = ".csv", title = "Save Changes As...")   #.asksaveasfilename(mode = 'w', defaultextension = ".csv")
            self.Changed.to_csv(save_name, index = False)





# Run GUI
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("500x500")
App  = Main()
App.MainPage(root)
root.mainloop()

我使用以下安装文件使用cx_Freeze构建：

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
import os

# Freeze
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')

Options = {
    'build_exe': {
        'include_files':[
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'),
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'),
         ], 'includes':['numpy', 'pandas', 'tkinter', 'datetime', 'atexit']
    }, 
}

setup(options = Options ,
      name = "Document Prep" ,
      version = "0.1" ,
      description = "" ,
      executables = [Executable("test_GUI.py", base = "Win32GUI")])

我最初在将numpy包含为可识别的库时遇到了一个错误，但是我使用此链接的建议（将numpy驱动程序文件中的_methods文件复制到本地build/my.exe.../lib/numpy/core ）解决了这个问题（所以我认为） build/my.exe.../lib/numpy/core目录。 现在的问题是，当我双击可执行文件时，什么也没有发生。 什么都没开始，没有错误，我也不知道如何解决这个问题。 任何帮助表示赞赏。

供参考：我有一台MacBook，但所有这些都在计算机的Windows分区上运行。 我也有Python3的Conda发行版。

Answer 1

您的Windows分区具有Windows操作系统还是只有Windows文件系统？ 无论如何，您是否尝试过按照此处所述修改设置文件的末尾？

# GUI applications require a different base on Windows (the default is for a
# console application).
base = None
if sys.platform == "win32":
    base = "Win32GUI"

setup(options = Options ,
      name = "Document Prep" ,
      version = "0.1" ,
      description = "" ,
      executables = [Executable("test_GUI.py", base=base)])

在任何情况下，这都将使您的应用程序更具可移植性。

我还将在整个numpy和pandas packages选项，而不是仅包含模块（ includes选项）

Options = {
    'build_exe': {
        'include_files':[
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'),
            os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'),
         ], 
         'packages':['numpy', 'pandas'],
         'includes':['tkinter', 'datetime', 'atexit']
    }, 
}

我不确定您是否需要显式地包括其他模块，或者还需要使用packages选项。

如果这些建议仍不能解决问题，建议您从cx_Freeze / samples / Tkinter中的示例开始，并一一添加应用程序的不同组件（GUI组件，包括，pandas / numpy等）。同时在每个步骤之间测试可执行文件。