[英]MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6, python3.7 installation Install Certificate.command results in SSLError
从 python.org 安装 python 3.7 后，运行 Install Certificate.command 导致以下错误。 拜托，你能提供一些指导吗？ 为什么安装 Certificate.command 会导致错误？
[一些背景] 尝试通过anaconda、brew和python.org安装python，甚至安装了3.6.6版本，希望我能让其中之一工作。 当我尝试安装软件包时，每次安装都会导致 ssl 认证错误。 请参阅下面的示例，了解当前 python 3.7 安装中的错误。
我阅读了每一页都提到了 openssl 错误并遵循了每条说明。 最后一个可能对我的机器造成了更大的损害。 我从 anaconda、brew 和 python.org 中的每一个安装、卸载和重新安装，一路删除和清理一堆文件夹，试图进行干净的安装。 一路上，我什至设法从苹果预装 python 版本的站点目录文件夹中删除了 pip、wheel 和 setuptools。 总而言之，经过一周的 python 安装地狱，我完全被困住了。
Collecting certifi
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/certifi/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/certifi/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement certifi (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for certifi
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 44, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 25, in main
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 328, in check_call
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7', '-E', '-s', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'certifi']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
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Saving session...
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[Process completed]
pip3 install numpy导致以下错误
Collecting numpy
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/numpy/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/numpy/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement numpy (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for numpy
编辑帖子@新手评论
根据该帖子中最受好评的答案，我尝试了以下操作：
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1604k 100 1604k 0 0 188k 0 0:00:08 0:00:08 --:--:-- 148k
$ python3 get-pip.py
Collecting pip
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pip
$ pip3 search numpy
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 600, in urlopen
chunked=chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 343, in _make_request
self._validate_conn(conn)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 849, in _validate_conn
conn.connect()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py", line 356, in connect
ssl_context=context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 359, in ssl_wrap_socket
return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 412, in wrap_socket
session=session
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 850, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 1108, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 445, in send
timeout=timeout
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopen
**response_kw)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopen
**response_kw)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopen
**response_kw)
[Previous line repeated 1 more times]
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 638, in urlopen
_stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 398, in increment
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/basecommand.py", line 141, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 48, in run
pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 65, in search
hits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1112, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1452, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 788, in request
headers=headers, stream=True)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 559, in post
return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 396, in request
return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 512, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 622, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 53, in send
resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 511, in send
raise SSLError(e, request=request)
pip._vendor.requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)')))
============ EDIT2：搜索存在 openssl.cnf 文件副本的所有位置。 这看起来对吗？
$ mdfind openssl.cnf
/usr/local/etc/openssl/openssl.cnf
/opt/vagrant/embedded/ssl/openssl.cnf
/opt/vagrant/embedded/ssl/openssl.cnf.dist
/private/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
/System/Library/OpenSSL/openssl.cnf
/opt/vagrant/embedded/ssl/misc/CA.pl
想回答我自己的问题，因为我似乎已经解决了大部分问题。 解决方案：
向 pip.conf 添加代码
[全局] 可信主机 = pypi.python.org pypi.org files.pythonhosted.org
开始安装使用
$ pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org pip
然后尝试了 pip install ，它起作用了，所以用它来安装 numpy、pandas、geopy 等。
在 Applications/Python 3.7 中成功运行 Install CertificateCommand 文件
结果：
杰出：仍然收到 GeocoderServiceError 和 Brew 医生说 vim 缺少 python。 将针对这些提出单独的问题。
您不需要运行 Install Certificate.command。 您应该重新安装包含 Python 的 Xcode 命令行工具。
pip3 uninstall -y -r <(pip requests certifi)
brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python3
sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
xcode-select --install
sudo xcode-select -r
python3 -m pip install --user certifi
python3 -m pip install --user requests
MacOS High OSierra 10.13.6，Python3.7，GeocoderServiceError：[SSL：CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]
[英]MacOS High OSierra 10.13.6, Python3.7, GeocoderServiceError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]
pip3安装PyYAML失败。（python3.7，macOS High Sierra）
[英]pip3 install PyYAML failed.(python3.7, macOS High Sierra)
Python 认证错误 - Certificate.command 安装不起作用/权限被拒绝？
[英]Python certification error - Certificate.command install not working/ permission denied?
MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6->极慢的请求库
[英]MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6 -> Extremely Slow Requests Library
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