Python 3.x函数：将字符串转换为列表并输出不包含某些字符的输出

Question

我在尝试将字符串转换为列表并生成所需的输出时遇到了麻烦。 到目前为止，我有以下代码：

def func():

    characters = '?/><,.:;"[]{}=+()*&^%$#@!' # keeping ' and -
    new_lst = []
    user = input("String: ")
    for i in user:
        if (i not in characters):
            #new_lst = user.split(' ')
            new_lst += i # I know this is the problem but I just don't know where to go from here

    print(new_lst)

例如：

Keep. hyphen- and apostrophe's only.

电流输出：

'K', 'e', 'e', 'p', ' ', 'h', 'y', 'p', 'h', 'e', 'n', '-', ' ', 'a', 'n', 'd', ' ', 'a', 'p', 'o', 's', 't', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'h', 'e', "'", 's', ' ', 'o', 'n', 'l', 'y']

所需的输出：

['Keep', 'hyphen-', 'and', "apostrophe's", 'only']

谢谢你的帮助！

Answer 1

首先将句子分成单词，然后遍历单词以（在内部循环中）重建修改过的单词和（在外部循环中）单词列表：

def func():

    characters = '?/><,.:;"[]{}=+()*&^%$#@!' # keeping ' and -
    new_lst = []
    user = input("String: ")
    for word in user.split():
        x = ''
        for i in word:
            if (i not in characters):
                x += i # I know this is the problem but I just don't know where to go from here
        new_lst.append(x)

    print(new_lst)

func()

输出：

['Keep', 'hyphen-', 'and', "apostrophe's", 'only']

这不一定是一个代码审查站点，但是我肯定会考虑更有意义地命名变量，并对内部循环使用列表理解：

def get_stripped_word_list(s):
    """Return a list of words in string s, excluding certain characters."""

    # Sequence of characters to strip, keeping ' and -
    characters = '?/><,.:;"[]{}=+()*&^%$#@!'
    words = s.split()
    modified_words = []
    for word in words:
        modified_word_letters = [c for c in word if c not in characters]
        modified_words.append(''.join(modified_word_letters))
    return modified_words

s = input("String: ")
print(get_stripped_word_list(s))

Answer 2

您可以替换字符，也可以拆分

def func():

    characters = '?/><,.:;"[]{}=+()*&^%$#@!' # keeping ' and -
    user = raw_input("String: ")
    for i in characters:
        user=user.replace(i,"")
    new_lst=user.split(" ")
    new_lst = [i.strip('.') for i in new_lst]
    print(new_lst)
func()

输出

['Keep', 'hyphen-', 'and', "apostrophe's", 'only']

Answer 3

您可以在re模块中使用sub ：

import re
string = "Keep. hyphen- and apostrophe's only."

re.sub("[^\w '-]", '', string).split()

Out[672]: ['Keep', 'hyphen-', 'and', "apostrophe's", 'only']