如何在D3条形图中添加分隔符

Question

我的应用程序中有一个使用D3绘制的条形图。 示例代码已添加到下面。 在我的图表中，它显示了12个月内的几个月。 因此，根据情况，十二月不一定总是到达x轴的拐角处。 因此，为了显示年份的分隔，我想在图表中显示一个分隔两年的分隔符。 有没有办法可以做到。 以下是我的要求的图像。 有谁知道如何做到这一点？

https://jsfiddle.net/yasirunilan/w7h81xz2/748/

        const sample = [{
    month: 'Sep',
    value: 78.9,
    color: '#000000',
    date: '30/09/17'
  },
  {
    month: 'Oct',
    value: 75.1,
    color: '#00a2ee',
    date: '31/10/17'
  },
  {
    month: 'Nov',
    value: 68.0,
    color: '#fbcb39',
    date: '30/11/17'
  },
  {
    month: 'Dec',
    value: 67.0,
    color: '#007bc8',
    date: '31/12/17'
  },
  {
    month: 'Jan',
    value: 65.6,
    color: '#65cedb',
    date: '31/01/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Feb',
    value: 65.1,
    color: '#ff6e52',
    date: '28/02/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Mar',
    value: 61.9,
    color: '#f9de3f',
    date: '31/03/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Apr',
    value: 60.4,
    color: '#5d2f8e',
    date: '30/04/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'May',
    value: 59.6,
    color: '#008fc9',
    date: '31/05/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Jun',
    value: 59.6,
    color: '#507dca',
    date: '30/06/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Jul',
    value: 80.6,
    color: '#507dca',
    date: '31/07/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Aug',
    value: 45.6,
    color: '#507dca',
    date: '31/08/18'
  },
  {
    month: 'Sep ',
    value: 78.6,
    color: '#507dca',
    date: '30/09/18'
  }
];

const svg = d3.select('svg');
const svgContainer = d3.select('#container');

const margin = 80;
const width = 1000 - 2 * margin;
const height = 600 - 2 * margin;

const chart = svg.append('g')
  .attr('transform', `translate(${margin}, ${margin})`);

const xScale = d3.scaleBand()
  .range([0, width])
  .domain(sample.map((s) => s.month))
  .padding(0.4)

const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
  .range([height, 0])
  .domain([0, 100]);

// vertical grid lines
// const makeXLines = () => d3.axisBottom()
//   .scale(xScale)

const makeYLines = () => d3.axisLeft()
  .scale(yScale)

chart.append('g')
  .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height})`)
  .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));

chart.append('g')
  .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));

// vertical grid lines
// chart.append('g')
//   .attr('class', 'grid')
//   .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height})`)
//   .call(makeXLines()
//     .tickSize(-height, 0, 0)
//     .tickFormat('')
//   )

chart.append('g')
  .attr('class', 'grid')
  .call(makeYLines()
    .tickSize(-width, 0, 0)
    .tickFormat('')
  )

const barGroups = chart.selectAll()
  .data(sample)
  .enter()
  .append('g')

barGroups
  .append('rect')
  .attr('class', 'bar')
  .attr('x', (g) => xScale(g.month))
  .attr('y', (g) => yScale(g.value))
  .attr('height', (g) => height - yScale(g.value))
  .attr('width', xScale.bandwidth())
  .on('mouseenter', function(actual, i) {
    d3.selectAll('.value')
      .attr('opacity', 0)

    d3.select(this)
      .transition()
      .duration(300)
      .attr('opacity', 0.6)
      .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month) - 5)
      .attr('width', xScale.bandwidth() + 10)

    const y = yScale(actual.value)

    line = chart.append('line')
      .attr('id', 'limit')
      .attr('x1', 0)
      .attr('y1', y)
      .attr('x2', width)
      .attr('y2', y)

    barGroups.append('text')
      .attr('class', 'divergence')
      .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month) + xScale.bandwidth() / 2)
      .attr('y', (a) => yScale(a.value) + 30)
      .attr('fill', 'white')
      .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
      .text((a, idx) => {
        const divergence = (a.value - actual.value).toFixed(1)

        let text = ''
        if (divergence > 0) text += '+'
        text += `${divergence}%`

        return idx !== i ? text : '';
      })

  })
  .on('mouseleave', function() {
    d3.selectAll('.value')
      .attr('opacity', 1)

    d3.select(this)
      .transition()
      .duration(300)
      .attr('opacity', 1)
      .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month))
      .attr('width', xScale.bandwidth())

    chart.selectAll('#limit').remove()
    chart.selectAll('.divergence').remove()
  })

barGroups
  .append('text')
  .attr('class', 'value')
  .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month) + xScale.bandwidth() / 2)
  .attr('y', (a) => yScale(a.value) + 30)
  .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
  .text((a) => `${a.value}%`)

svg
  .append('text')
  .attr('class', 'label')
  .attr('x', -(height / 2) - margin)
  .attr('y', margin / 2.4)
  .attr('transform', 'rotate(-90)')
  .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
  .text('Love meter (%)')

svg.append('text')
  .attr('class', 'label')
  .attr('x', width / 2 + margin)
  .attr('y', height + margin * 1.7)
  .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
  .text('Months')

svg.append('text')
  .attr('class', 'title')
  .attr('x', width / 2 + margin)
  .attr('y', 40)
  .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
  .text('Most loved programming languages in 2018')

svg.append('text')
  .attr('class', 'source')
  .attr('x', width - margin / 2)
  .attr('y', height + margin * 1.7)
  .attr('text-anchor', 'start')
  .text('Source: Stack Overflow, 2018')

Answer 1

这是使用现有比例尺添加线和日期的简单方法。

// create a group for your line and date.
const dateLine = chart.append('g')
// position the group: xScale('Jan') is the left edge of the Jan rect, so it needs
// to be in the space between the Dec and Jen rect elements. That space is
// given by xScale.step(), the step size for each month, * the padding / 2
  .attr('transform', 'translate(' + (xScale('Jan') - xScale.step() * xScale.padding() * 0.5) + ', 0)')

// append a line, same height as the chart itself
dateLine.append('line')
  .attr('y2', height)

// append a text element with the year in it. You can change the x and y attributes
// to position it to your liking
dateLine.append('text')
  .text('2018')
  .attr('x', 20)
  .attr('y', 20)

 const sample = [{ month: 'Sep', value: 78.9, color: '#000000', date: '30/09/17' }, { month: 'Oct', value: 75.1, color: '#00a2ee', date: '31/10/17' }, { month: 'Nov', value: 68.0, color: '#fbcb39', date: '30/11/17' }, { month: 'Dec', value: 67.0, color: '#007bc8', date: '31/12/17' }, { month: 'Jan', value: 65.6, color: '#65cedb', date: '31/01/18' }, { month: 'Feb', value: 65.1, color: '#ff6e52', date: '28/02/18' }, { month: 'Mar', value: 61.9, color: '#f9de3f', date: '31/03/18' }, { month: 'Apr', value: 60.4, color: '#5d2f8e', date: '30/04/18' }, { month: 'May', value: 59.6, color: '#008fc9', date: '31/05/18' }, { month: 'Jun', value: 59.6, color: '#507dca', date: '30/06/18' }, { month: 'Jul', value: 80.6, color: '#507dca', date: '31/07/18' }, { month: 'Aug', value: 45.6, color: '#507dca', date: '31/08/18' }, { month: 'Sep ', value: 78.6, color: '#507dca', date: '30/09/18' } ]; const svg = d3.select('svg'); const svgContainer = d3.select('#container'); const margin = 80; const width = 1000 - 2 * margin; const height = 600 - 2 * margin; const chart = svg.append('g') .attr('transform', `translate(${margin}, ${margin})`); const xScale = d3.scaleBand() .range([0, width]) .domain(sample.map((s) => s.month)) .padding(0.4) const yScale = d3.scaleLinear() .range([height, 0]) .domain([0, 100]); // vertical grid lines // const makeXLines = () => d3.axisBottom() // .scale(xScale) const makeYLines = () => d3.axisLeft() .scale(yScale) chart.append('g') .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height})`) .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale)); chart.append('g') .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale)); const dateLine = chart.append('g') .attr('transform', 'translate(' + (xScale('Jan') - xScale.step() * xScale.padding() * 0.5) + ', 0)') dateLine.append('line') .attr('y2', height) dateLine.append('text') .text('2018') .attr('x', 20) .attr('y', 20) // vertical grid lines // chart.append('g') // .attr('class', 'grid') // .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height})`) // .call(makeXLines() // .tickSize(-height, 0, 0) // .tickFormat('') // ) chart.append('g') .attr('class', 'grid') .call(makeYLines() .tickSize(-width, 0, 0) .tickFormat('') ) const barGroups = chart.selectAll() .data(sample) .enter() .append('g') barGroups .append('rect') .attr('class', 'bar') .attr('x', (g) => xScale(g.month)) .attr('y', (g) => yScale(g.value)) .attr('height', (g) => height - yScale(g.value)) .attr('width', xScale.bandwidth()) .on('mouseenter', function(actual, i) { d3.selectAll('.value') .attr('opacity', 0) d3.select(this) .transition() .duration(300) .attr('opacity', 0.6) .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month) - 5) .attr('width', xScale.bandwidth() + 10) const y = yScale(actual.value) line = chart.append('line') .attr('id', 'limit') .attr('x1', 0) .attr('y1', y) .attr('x2', width) .attr('y2', y) barGroups.append('text') .attr('class', 'divergence') .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month) + xScale.bandwidth() / 2) .attr('y', (a) => yScale(a.value) + 30) .attr('fill', 'white') .attr('text-anchor', 'middle') .text((a, idx) => { const divergence = (a.value - actual.value).toFixed(1) let text = '' if (divergence > 0) text += '+' text += `${divergence}%` return idx !== i ? text : ''; }) }) .on('mouseleave', function() { d3.selectAll('.value') .attr('opacity', 1) d3.select(this) .transition() .duration(300) .attr('opacity', 1) .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month)) .attr('width', xScale.bandwidth()) chart.selectAll('#limit').remove() chart.selectAll('.divergence').remove() }) barGroups .append('text') .attr('class', 'value') .attr('x', (a) => xScale(a.month) + xScale.bandwidth() / 2) .attr('y', (a) => yScale(a.value) + 30) .attr('text-anchor', 'middle') .text((a) => `${a.value}%`) svg .append('text') .attr('class', 'label') .attr('x', -(height / 2) - margin) .attr('y', margin / 2.4) .attr('transform', 'rotate(-90)') .attr('text-anchor', 'middle') .text('Love meter (%)') svg.append('text') .attr('class', 'label') .attr('x', width / 2 + margin) .attr('y', height + margin * 1.7) .attr('text-anchor', 'middle') .text('Months') svg.append('text') .attr('class', 'title') .attr('x', width / 2 + margin) .attr('y', 40) .attr('text-anchor', 'middle') .text('Most loved programming languages in 2018') svg.append('text') .attr('class', 'source') .attr('x', width - margin / 2) .attr('y', height + margin * 1.7) .attr('text-anchor', 'start') .text('Source: Stack Overflow, 2018') 

 body { font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; } div#layout { text-align: center; } div#container { width: 1000px; height: 600px; margin: auto; background-color: #2F4A6D; } svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; } .bar { fill: #80cbc4; } text { font-size: 12px; fill: #fff; } path { stroke: gray; } line { stroke: gray; } line#limit { stroke: #FED966; stroke-width: 3; stroke-dasharray: 3 6; } .grid path { stroke-width: 0; } .grid .tick line { stroke: #9FAAAE; stroke-opacity: 0.3; } text.divergence { font-size: 14px; fill: #2F4A6D; } text.value { font-size: 14px; } text.title { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; } text.label { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; } text.source { font-size: 10px; } 

 <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script> <div id='layout'> <!-- <h2>Bar chart example</h2> --> <div id='container'> <svg /> </div> </div>