如何在没有pip的情况下升级/安装软件包

Question

我的环境中有pip2和pip3。

• 来自/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages（python 2.7）的pip 1.5.4

• 来自/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip的pip 18.0（python 3.4）

• Python 2.7.6

• 的Python 3.4.3

这就是我尝试安装（尝试安装geopy： pip2 install geopy ）或使用pip2升级任何软件包时得到的：

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1198, in prepare_files
    do_download,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1376, in unpack_url
    self.session,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 546, in unpack_http_url
    resp = session.get(target_url, stream=True)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 467, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 237, in request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 455, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 558, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/adapters.py", line 330, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 562, in urlopen
    body=body, headers=headers)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 387, in _make_request
    conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 1017, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 1051, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 1013, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 864, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/httplib.py", line 826, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 145, in connect
    match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(),
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py", line 313, in getpeercert
    for value in get_subj_alt_name(x509)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py", line 94, in get_subj_alt_name
    asn1Spec=general_names)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pyasn1/codec/ber/decoder.py", line 825, in __call__
    stGetValueDecoder, self, substrateFun
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pyasn1/codec/ber/decoder.py", line 391, in valueDecoder
    r.verifySizeSpec()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pyasn1/type/base.py", line 252, in verifySizeSpec
    def verifySizeSpec(self): self._sizeSpec(self)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pyasn1/type/constraint.py", line 32, in __call__
    '%s failed at: \"%s\"' % (self, sys.exc_info()[1])
ValueConstraintError: ConstraintsIntersection(ConstraintsIntersection(), ValueSizeConstraint(1, 64)) failed at: "ValueSizeConstraint(1, 64) failed at: "SubjectAltName().setComponents(GeneralName(componentType=NamedTypes(NamedType('otherName', AnotherName(componentType=NamedTypes(Na
medType('type-id', ObjectIdentifier('<no value>')), NamedType('value', Any(tagSet=TagSet((), Tag(tagClass=128, tagFormat=32, tagId=0))))), ta
gSet=TagSet((), Tag(tagClass=128, tagFormat=32, tagId=0)))), NamedType('rfc822Name', IA5String(tagSet=TagSet((), Tag(tagClass=128, tagFormat=
0, tagId=1)))), NamedType('dNSName', IA5String(tagSet=TagSet((), Tag(tagClass=128, tagFormat=0, tagId=2)))), NamedType('directoryName', Name(
componentType=NamedTypes(NamedType('', RDNSequence())), tagSet=TagSet[...]

完整日志在这里 （抱歉）。

我无法升级pip2（与上述错误相同）。 我也无法卸载pip2，因为pip2卸载pip返回

不卸载OS拥有的/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages中的pip

从源代码安装软件包（ python setup.py install ）也不起作用：

geopy设置命令中的错误：“ extras_require”必须是字典，其值是包含有效项目/版本要求说明符的字符串或字符串列表。

我认为这是因为未达到setuptools的版本（如上所述，我无法通过pip对其进行升级）。 请建议我摆脱困境。

Answer 1

尝试从https://pypi.org/project/geopy/下载geopy软件包并运行

python setup.py install