用于提取 Cisco 交换机信息以准备网络迁移的 Python SSH 脚本

Question

我有一份 Cisco Nexus5548 IP 地址和 FQDN 的列表。 能否请您使用 Python 脚本通过 SSH 连接到每个脚本并提取以下内容，以便将其导入 Excel 列格式：

IP 名称 端口号 端口描述 端口类型 Vlans 光纤类型 介质类型 172.xxx hqcr1-swx-x E1/x 实际端口描述（接入或中继） 300-305,2276,... 1g-sr, 10g-sr, 1g- glct（铜纤维，或 twinax）

这是我到目前为止：

import paramiko, getpass, time

devices = {'device1': {'ip': 'xx.xx.xx.xx'}} 
           'device2': {'ip': 'xx.xx.xx.xx'}}
commands = ['show version\n', 'show run\n']

username = input('Username: ')
password = getpass.getpass('Password: ')

max_buffer = 65535

def clear_buffer(connection):
    if connection.recv_ready():
        return connection.recv(max_buffer)

# Starts the loop for devices
for device in devices.keys(): 
    outputFileName = device + '_output.txt'
    connection = paramiko.SSHClient()
    connection.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    connection.connect(devices[device]['ip'], username=username, password=password, look_for_keys=False, allow_agent=False)
    new_connection = connection.invoke_shell()
    output = clear_buffer(new_connection)
    time.sleep(2)
    new_connection.send("terminal length 0\n")
    output = clear_buffer(new_connection)
    with open(outputFileName, 'wb') as f:
        for command in commands:
            new_connection.send(command)
            time.sleep(2)
            output = new_connection.recv(max_buffer)
            print(output)
            f.write(output)

new_connection.close()

非常感谢。

Answer 1

您是否尝试过在exec_command上使用SSHClient ？ 不确定 Cisco 盒子如何打开/关闭多个通道，但似乎它可能有助于将每个命令的输出分开。

我会做这样的事情：

from paramiko import SSHClient, AutoAddPolicy

def process_devices(devices, connect_args, commands):
    with SSHClient() as client:
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(AutoAddPolicy())

        for device in devices:
            client.connect(device, **connect_args)

            cmdout = []
            for cmd in commands:
                stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd, timeout=10)
                cmdout.append((stdout.read(), stderr.read()))

            yield (device, cmdout)

这对以下内容很有用：

from getpass import getpass

devices = [
    '127.0.0.1',
]

connect_args = dict(
    username='smason',
    password=getpass("Password: "),
)

commands = [
    "echo hello world",
    "date",
]

for dev, cmdout in process_devices(devices, connect_args, commands):
    print(f"{dev}: {cmdout}")

如果需要，您当然可以将process_devices的输出直接放入dict ，它是一个返回适当对的迭代器