PG gem 不会安装在 Rails 应用程序中：Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension

Question

我正在尝试将我的 Rails 应用程序部署到 Heroku 并且当我将pg gem 添加到我的 gemfile 并运行bundle install时出现错误：

An error occurred while installing pg (1.1.3), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '1.1.3'` succeeds before bundling.

我的 gemfile 的底部如下所示：

group :development do
  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code.
  gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
  # Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end

当我运行gem install pg时，我得到以下信息：

ERROR:  Error installing pg:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/scott_imunro/.rbenv/versions/2.4.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/gems/pg-1.1.3/ext
/home/scott_imunro/.rbenv/versions/2.4.2/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20181115-1119-1gb3plu.rb extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
 --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/home/scott_imunro/.rbenv/versions/2.4.2/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
        --with-pg
        --without-pg
        --enable-windows-cross
        --disable-windows-cross
        --with-pg-config
        --without-pg-config
        --with-pg_config
        --without-pg_config
        --with-pg-dir
        --without-pg-dir
        --with-pg-include
        --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
        --with-pg-lib
        --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /home/scott_imunro/.rbenv/versions/2.4.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.4.0-static/pg-1.1.3/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

我正在为 Windows 10 运行带有 Ubuntu bash 的 Rails 5。任何想法如何解决此错误？

Answer 1

我认为您需要在安装gem之前执行以下操作

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

然后执行gem install pg -v '1.1.3' -v'1.1.3 gem install pg -v '1.1.3'或者只是bundle install如果你在GEMFILE中有gem。

Answer 2

这可能是由于缺少依赖性。 在终端gem install pg -v '1.1.3'手动运行命令，看看你得到了什么输出。

您可能错过了gem的先决条件库/标题。 尝试：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-software-properties libffi-dev postgresql-client-common postgresql-client libpq-dev

可能值得一看这篇文章： https ： //medium.com/@colinrubbert/installing-ruby-on-rails-in-windows-10-w-bash-postgresql-e48e55954fbf

Answer 3

我也面临同样的问题，问题是你的Linux安装需要安装PostgreSQL的开发库才能构建gem。

以下是我解决问题的方法

打开终端并运行以下命令

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

然后使用此命令再次尝试安装PostgreSQL gem

gem install pg

就这样。

我希望这有帮助

Answer 4

答案在您得到的反馈中：

No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config

这正是您需要做的。

pg_config位于postgres和psql所在的同一目录中，因此请使用which postgres或which psql来查找它。

然后运行（以我系统上的路径为例——用你找到的替换它）：

gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/local/opt/postgresql@11/bin/pg_config