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打印树的递归函数

[英]Recursive function that print a tree

我有一个树对象:

a = <albero.Albero at 0x21fbc003cf8>

这些方法:

a.f #print out a list of sons object
[<albero.Albero at 0x21fbc003cc0>]

a.id #print out the value of a
"03"

我创建了这棵树,但现在是问题所在。 我想返回这样的输出字符串:

'''           05              
 _____________|_____________  
|             |             | 
02            04            06
|    _________|_________      
01  |     |     |   |   |     
    01    02    09  08  02    
         _|_                  
        |   |                 
        03  06                '''

我认为只有使用递归函数才有可能。 另一个例子:

'''04
| 
05
| 
01
| 
06
| 
03'''

对于这棵树,我尝试创建此列表:

['  80  ',' _|_  ','|   | ','70  90']

有任何想法吗?

不确定你的 Albero (Tree) 类是如何设计的,所以我做了一个假的来测试。 我相信你将能够使这个功能适应你的班级:

用于测试的假树节点类:

class Albero:
    def __init__(self,id,parent=None):
        self.id = id
        self.f = []
        if parent: parent.f.append(self)

n05  = Albero("05")
n02  = Albero("02",n05)
n04  = Albero("04",n05)
n06  = Albero("06",n05)
Albero("01",n02)
Albero("01",n04)
n02 = Albero("02",n04)
Albero("09",n04)
Albero("08",n04)
Albero("02",n04)
Albero("03",n02)
Albero("06",n02)

递归函数 treeLines() 将根节点作为第一个参数,将一个获取节点的标识符和子节点的函数作为第二个参数。 这使得该函数具有通用性,并且能够处理与其自身具有父子关系的任何类。
treeText() 函数使用 treeLine() 的结果构建单个字符串,每行之间有一个行尾字符。

def treeLines(node,getInfo):
    nodeId,nodeChildren = getInfo(node)
    subNodes   = [treeLines(child,getInfo) for child in nodeChildren]
    widths     = [ len(childText[0]) for childText in subNodes ]
    totalWidth = sum(widths) + 2*len(widths) - 1
    totalWidth = max(totalWidth,len(nodeId))
    nodeLine   = nodeId.center(totalWidth," ")
    result     = [nodeLine]
    if not nodeChildren: return result
    linksLine   = "  ".join("|".center(width," ") for width in widths)
    linksLine   = linksLine.center(totalWidth," ")
    leftIndent  = linksLine.index("|") + 1
    rightIndent = linksLine[::-1].index("|") + 1
    spanWidth   = totalWidth - leftIndent - rightIndent - 1
    leftSpan    = nodeLine.index(nodeId)-leftIndent+(len(nodeId)-1)//2
    rightSpan   = spanWidth - leftSpan   
    spanLine    = " "*leftIndent + "_"*leftSpan + "|" + "_"*rightSpan + " "*rightIndent
    if len(nodeChildren) > 1 : result.append(spanLine)
    result.append(linksLine)
    maxHeight   = max(len(subNode) for subNode in subNodes)
    subNodes    = [ subNode + [" "*len(subNode[0])]*(maxHeight-len(subNode)) for subNode in subNodes ]
    result     += ["  ".join([subNode[i] for subNode in subNodes]).center(totalWidth," ") for i in range(maxHeight) ]
    return result  

def treeText(node,getInfo): return "\n".join(treeLines(node,getInfo))

print( treeText(n05,lambda n:(n.id,n.f)) )

这打印:

                05                
  ______________|______________   
 |              |              |  
 02             04             06 
 |    __________|_________        
 01  |      |     |   |   |       
     01     02    09  08  02      
           _|_                    
          |   |                   
          03  06 

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