[英]How do I change my panel data from wide to long and also, how do I create a time variable and add it
我在让我的代码工作时遇到了一些麻烦。 我之前在这个网站上问过一个问题,但并没有完全解决我的问题。 “从宽到长重塑 HRS 数据并创建时间变量”
这一次,我试图非常清楚和准确地描述我的数据。 它看起来像这样,其中所有变量都以“r”开头,后跟从 1 到 10 的数字,后跟测量的变量。 唯一不以“r”开头的变量是称为“idhhpn”的id-tracker。
这是我的数据结构示例,但不完全是我的数据。 我的数据文件非常大,无法在此处发布:
df <- structure(list(data = structure(1:4, .Label = c("Ind_1", "Ind_2",
"Ind_3", "Ind_4"), class = "factor"), r1weight = c(56, 76, 87, 64
),r10weight = c(57, 75, 88, 66), r1height = c(186, 176, 187, 165), r10height = c(187L,
173L, 185L, NA), r1bmi = c(23L, 22L, 25L, 21L), r10bmi = c(24L, 23L,
29L, 23), r1logass = c(8L, 4L, NA, 2L), r10logass = c(7, 5L, 2,
4L), r1vigact = c(1, 0, 1, 1), r10vigact = c(0,0,0,1), idhhpn = c(1,2,3,4), rmale = c(0,0,1,0), rhighs = c(1,1,1,0), rcoll = c(1,0,1,0) ), class =
"data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-4L))
data r1weight r10weight r1height r10height r1bmi r10bmi r1logass r10logass r1vigact r10vigact idhhpn rmale rhighs rcoll
1 Ind_1 56 57 186 187 23 24 8 7 1 0 1 0 1 1
2 Ind_2 76 75 176 173 22 23 4 5 0 0 2 0 1 0
3 Ind_3 87 88 187 185 25 29 NA 2 1 0 3 1 1 1
4 Ind_4 64 66 165 NA 21 23 2 4 1 1 4 0 0 0
`
我有 23 个变量都观察了 10 次(每年一个,持续 10 年)。 我还有几个假人,如rmale
、 rhispanic
、 rblack
、 rHS
、 rGED
、 rCollege
等。
我希望将其转换为:
dflong <- structure(list(time = structure(1:12, .Label = c("1", "...","10","1", "...","10","1", "...","10", "1", "...","10"),
class = "factor"), idhhpn = c(1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4), W = c(56,"...", 57,76,"...",75,87,"...",88,64,"...",66),
H = c(186,"...",187,176,"...",173,187,"...",185,165,"...","..."), BMI = c(23,"...",24,22,"...",23,25,"...",29,21,"...",23),
logA = c(8,"...",7,4,"...",5,"...","...",2,2,"...",4), vigact = c(1,"...",0,0,"...",0,1,"...",0,1,"...",1),
rmale = c(0,"...",0,0,"...",0,1,"...",1,0,"...",0), rhighs = c(1,"...",1, 1,"...",1,1, "...",1,0,"...",0),
rcoll = c(1,"...",1,0,"...",0,1,"...",1,0,"...",0)),
class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -12L))`
time idhhpn W H BMI logA vigact rmale rhighs rcoll
1 1 1 56 186 23 8 1 0 1 1
2 ... 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
3 10 1 57 187 24 7 0 0 1 1
4 1 2 76 176 22 4 0 0 1 0
5 ... 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
6 10 2 75 173 23 5 0 0 1 0
7 1 3 87 187 25 ... 1 1 1 1
8 ... 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9 10 3 88 185 29 2 0 1 1 1
10 1 4 64 165 21 2 1 0 0 0
11 ... 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
12 10 4 66 ... 23 4 1 0 0 0
对于每个变量,每个人还有一个从 1 到 10 的时间变量,如图所示。
我省略了时间戳 2-9(为了可读性)
我目前有以下代码,我确信它几乎是正确的。
HRSdata_melt <- HRSdata %>% gather(time,ind,-HRSdata) %>%
mutate(time=gsub("r([1-10])", "\\1_",time)) %>%
separate(time, into = c("time", "idhhpn")) %>%
spread(idhhpn, ind)
但它给了我以下错误,我认为这是由于一些小错误造成的。
我们可以使用dplyr::matches
来gather
所有列,其中 r 后跟一个数字或更多,后跟任何东西,即r1weight
、 r2weight
、 ... 、 r10weight
等。然后mutate
和spread
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
df %>% gather(key,val,matches('r\\d+.*')) %>%
mutate(time=gsub('r(\\d+).*','\\1',key), key=sub('(r\\d+)(.*)','\\2',key)) %>%
spread(key,val)
r(\\\\d+).*
在r
之后获取一个或多个数字作为第一组并使用\\\\1
返回该数字(r\\\\d+)(.*)
在(r\\\\d+)
之后获取任何内容作为第二组并使用\\\\2
返回
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