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使用 Jupyter Notebook 时“无法从正在运行的事件循环中调用 asyncio.run()”

[英]"asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop" when using Jupyter Notebook

我想使用 asyncio 获取网页 html。

我在 jupyter notebook 中运行以下代码:

import aiofiles
import aiohttp
from aiohttp import ClientSession

async def get_info(url, session):
    resp = await session.request(method="GET", url=url)
    resp.raise_for_status()
    html = await resp.text(encoding='GB18030')
    with open('test_asyncio.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
        f.write(html)
    return html
    
async def main(urls):
    async with ClientSession() as session:
        tasks = [get_info(url, session) for url in urls]
        return await asyncio.gather(*tasks)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = ['http://huanyuntianxiazh.fang.com/house/1010123799/housedetail.htm', 'http://zhaoshangyonghefu010.fang.com/house/1010126863/housedetail.htm']
    result = asyncio.run(main(url))

但是,它返回RuntimeError: asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop

问题是什么?

如何解决?

asyncio.run()文档说:

当另一个异步事件循环在同一线程中运行时, 无法调用此函数。

在您的情况下, jupyter ( IPython ≥ 7.0 )已经在运行事件循环:

您现在可以在 IPython 终端和笔记本的顶层使用 async/await,它应该——在大多数情况下——“正常工作”。 将 IPython 更新到 7+ 版,将 IPykernel 更新到 5+ 版,然后你就可以参加比赛了。

因此,您不需要自己启动事件循环,而是可以直接调用await main(url) ,即使您的代码位于任何异步函数之外。

Jupyter / IPython

async def main():
    print(1)
    
await main()

Python (≥ 3.7) 或更早版本的 IPython

import asyncio

async def main():
    print(1)
    
asyncio.run(main())

在您的代码中,将给出:

url = ['url1', 'url2']
result = await main(url)

for text in result:
    pass # text contains your html (text) response

警告

与 IPython 相比,Jupyter 使用循环的方式略有不同

添加到cglacet的答案 - 如果想检测循环是否正在运行并自动调整(即在现有循环上运行main() ,否则asyncio.run() ),这里有一个可能被证明有用的片段:

# async def main():
#     ...

try:
    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
except RuntimeError:  # 'RuntimeError: There is no current event loop...'
    loop = None

if loop and loop.is_running():
    print('Async event loop already running. Adding coroutine to the event loop.')
    tsk = loop.create_task(main())
    # ^-- https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#task-object
    # Optionally, a callback function can be executed when the coroutine completes
    tsk.add_done_callback(
        lambda t: print(f'Task done with result={t.result()}  << return val of main()'))
else:
    print('Starting new event loop')
    asyncio.run(main())

只需使用这个:

https://github.com/erdewit/nest_asyncio

import nest_asyncio
nest_asyncio.apply()

结合 Pankaj Sharma 和 Jean Monet 的方法,我编写了以下代码片段,它充当 asyncio.run(语法略有不同),但也适用于 Jupyter 笔记本。

class RunThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, func, args, kwargs):
        self.func = func
        self.args = args
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        super().__init__()

    def run(self):
        self.result = asyncio.run(self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs))

def run_async(func, *args, **kwargs):
    try:
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
    except RuntimeError:
        loop = None
    if loop and loop.is_running():
        thread = RunThread(func, args, kwargs)
        thread.start()
        thread.join()
        return thread.result
    else:
        return asyncio.run(func(*args, **kwargs))

用法:

async def test(name):
    await asyncio.sleep(5)
    return f"hello {name}"

run_async(test, "user")  # blocks for 5 seconds and returns "hello user"

我发现unsync包对于编写在 Python 脚本和 Jupyter REPL 中行为相同的代码很有用。

import asyncio
from unsync import unsync


@unsync
async def demo_async_fn():
    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
    return "done!"

print(demo_async_fn().result())

正如 cglacet 提到的那样,文档说

当另一个异步事件循环在同一线程中运行时,无法调用此函数。

您可以使用另一个线程,即 -

class ResolveThread(threading.Thread):
            def __init__(self,result1,fun,url):
                self.result1= result1
                self.fun = fun
                self.url = url
                threading.Thread.__init__(self)
            def run(self):
                result1[0] = asyncio.run(self.fun(self.url))


result1 = [None]
sp = ResolveThread(result1)
sp.start()
sp.join() # connect main thread
result = result1[0]

Mark 稍微简化了解决方案:

import threading

class RunThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, coro):
        self.coro = coro
        self.result = None
        super().__init__()

    def run(self):
        self.result = asyncio.run(self.coro)


def run_async(coro):
    try:
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
    except RuntimeError:
        loop = None
    if loop and loop.is_running():
        thread = RunThread(coro)
        thread.start()
        thread.join()
        return thread.result
    else:
        return asyncio.run(coro)

像 async.run run_async() async.run() ,即run_async(test("user"))

要添加到现有的答案,一个没有外部库的更短的版本,它允许在 jupyter 内部和外部运行并允许获取返回值:

try:
    asyncio.get_running_loop()
    # we need to create a separate thread so we can block before returning
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(1) as pool:
        result = pool.submit(lambda: asyncio.run(myfunc()))).result()
except RuntimeError:
    # no event loop running
    result = asyncio.run(myfunc())

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