如何从Django中的Javascript访问Ajax POST请求

Question

我正在从Javascript模式向Django发送Ajax POST请求。 正确包含了csrf令牌（经过很多头痛之后……），但是由于任何原因，我都无法在views.py中“获取”请求数据。 我在代码中添加了一些注释，以指示似乎可行的方法

我一直在阅读可以找到的所有内容，但仍然找不到错误，因此非常感谢任何输入。 谢谢！

Java脚本

function getMenuItem(id){
    console.log(id); // menuitem id prints correctly

    // Open request to get menuitem
    const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    request.open('POST', '/menuitem');

    // Include csrf token in header so Django will accept the request
    const header =  "X-CSRFToken"
    const token = Cookies.get('csrftoken'); // Using the js-cookie library
    console.log(token); // token prints correctly
    request.setRequestHeader(header, token);

    // Send request
    request.send(id);

    //Once request is received parse it and insert result in DOM
    request.onload = () => {
        const received = request.responseText;
        console.log(received); // Prints the debug message from Django
        const parsed = JSON.parse(received);
        document.getElementById('menuItem').innerHTML = parsed;
    };
};

views.py

def menuitem(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        id = request.body # I have also tried HttpRequest.body  
        print(id) # Does not print 
        menuitem = MenuConfiguration.objects.filter(id=id).all()
        menuitem = serializers.serialize('json', menuitem)
        menuitem = json.loads(menuitem)

        return menuitem

追溯

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/deprecation.py", line 93, in __call__
    response = self.process_response(request, response)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/middleware/clickjacking.py", line 26, in process_response
    if response.get('X-Frame-Options') is not None:
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'get'
[11/Apr/2019 06:10:18] "POST /menuitem HTTP/1.1" 500 54835

Answer 1

这里有几件事要解决。

在Javascript代码中，您应该使用key=val语法发送正确编码为表单参数的id值：

request.send("id=" + id);

然后在您的视图中，您应该从POST字典中检索值：

if request.method == 'POST':
    id = POST['id']  # Retrieve the value of the id parameter

最后，您的视图必须返回HttpResponse 。 由于您要返回JSON，因此应将其传递给HttpResponse并将content_type参数设置为application/json ：

if request.method == 'POST':
    id = POST['id']
    menuitem = MenuConfiguration.objects.filter(id=id).all()
    data = serializers.serialize('json', menuitem)

    # Return a HttpResponse containing the JSON data
    return HttpResponse(data, content_type='application/json')  

Answer 2

我通过以下调整使其工作，因此现在请求已正确发送并由Django处理，并且查询结果由JS接收。 为了使JSON.parse能够处理它，我不得不进行一些改动，从响应文本对象中删除[]。

我有一个新问题，那就是； 获取查询中包含的外键的值（即不仅是现在的键）。 我将对此发布一个单独的问题，但是如果您对此有解决方案，请发表评论

Java脚本

function getMenuItem(id){
    console.log(id);

    // Open request to get menuitem
    const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
    request.open('POST', '/menuitem');

    // Include csrf token in header so Django will accept the request
    const header =  "X-CSRFToken";
    const token = Cookies.get('csrftoken'); //Using the js-cookies library
    request.setRequestHeader(header, token);

    // Formdata object to structure data as if submitted from a form
    const data = new FormData();
    data.append('id', id);

    // Send request
    request.send(data);

    console.log("Request sent");

    //Once request is received parse it and insert result in DOM
    request.onload = () => {
        const received = request.responseText;
        console.log("Data as received:  " + received);

        // Remove [] from response text
        removedfirst = received.substring(1);
        removedlast = removedfirst.substring(0, removedfirst.length-1);
        console.log("Data with [] removed: " + removedlast);

        // Parse to JS object
        const parsed = JSON.parse(received);
        console.log("Output of JSON.parse:");
        console.log(parsed);

        // Insert value into DOM
        document.getElementById('outputField').innerHTML = parsed[0].fields.base;
    };
};  

views.py

def menuitem(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Get product id from request
        id = request.POST.get('id')

        # Retrieve data for specific product id
        menuitem = MenuConfiguration.objects.filter(id=id).all()

        # Turn query response into JSON 
        data = serializers.serialize('json', menuitem)

        # Return a HttpResponse containing the JSON data
        return HttpResponse(data, content_type='application/json')

JS控制台的输出：

控制台日志