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禁止从Powershell $ error输出外部命令错误

[英]Suppress external command error output from Powershell $error

在我的个人资料中,我通过prompt功能自定义了提示,以嵌入git分支信息:

function prompt
{
    $prefix = ""
    if ((test-path ".git") -or (test-path ".gitdir") -or ((git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null) -eq "true")) {
        $prefix = "[git:" + (& git symbolic-ref --short HEAD) + "]"
    }

    write-host "PS $prefix $(get-location) >" -nonewline -foregroundcolor DarkMagenta
    return " "
}

但是问题是,当我不在git树中时,即使我将错误重定向到$ null,检查的git rev-parse部分也会在$error插入错误。

这意味着$ error会因以下错误而受到污染,因为每次提示呈现时都会生成该错误:

git : fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
At C:\temp\prompt.ps1:4 char:64
    + ... ".gitdir") -or ((git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null) -eq "t ...
    +                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (fatal: Not a gi...ectories): .git:String) [], RemoteException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError

交互式运行时,我注意到2> $null确实抑制了控制台的错误,但是该错误仍显示在$ error中:

PS C:\temp> $error
PS C:\temp> git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null
PS C:\temp> $error
git : fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
At line:1 char:1
+ git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (fatal: Not a gi...ectories): .git:String) [], RemoteException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError

PS C:\temp>

我试过将命令包装在try {...} catch {} ,还使用了带有ignore的erroraction的invoke-command ,但都没有运气:

PS c:\temp> $error.clear()
PS c:\temp> $error
PS c:\temp> invoke-command -scriptblock { git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null } -erroraction ignore
PS c:\temp> $error
git : fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
At line:1 char:31
+ ... d -scriptblock { git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null } -erro ...
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (fatal: Not a gi...ectories): .git:String) [], RemoteException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError

PS c:\temp> $error.clear()
PS c:\temp> $error
PS c:\temp> try { git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null } catch { }
PS c:\temp> $error
git : fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
At line:1 char:7
+ try { git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2> $null } catch { }
+       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (fatal: Not a gi...ectories): .git:String) [], RemoteException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError

PS c:\temp>

如何抑制此错误添加到$error ,使其保持干净?

不幸的是,从PowerShell Core 6.2.1 / Windows PowerShell v5.1开始,使用2>$null抑制来自外部程序的stderr输出意外地仍然通过Powershell的错误流(流2 )绕行,因此输出仍记录在$Error GitHub问题中描述了此已知问题。

作为一种解决方法,您可以通过cmd /c (或在Unix上为sh -c )调用git ,并使其进行重定向:

# Windows
cmd /c 'git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>NUL'

# Linux, macOS
sh -c 'git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null'

如您所述,这将正确传递git的退出代码,因此您之后可以通过$LASTEXITCODE确定成功。

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