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使用 os、Popen 和 Paramiko 在 Windows 上使用 Python 进行 SCP 传输文件的问题

[英]Problems using Python to SCP transfer files on Windows using os, Popen, and Paramiko

我正在尝试获取一个 Python 脚本来 SCP 将文件传输到我具有 root 访问权限且没有密码的 SSH 服务器。 我在 Windows 上运行;

scp test.txt root@<ip-address>:/data

奇迹般有效。

我尝试了几种不同的方法来让 Python 做到这一点,但无论如何我都遇到了麻烦:

  1. 使用os

     import os my_scp = r'C:\\Windows\\System32\\OpenSSH\\scp.exe' os.system(my_scp + ' test.txt root@<ip-address>:/data')

    我得到:

    未找到指定的路径(翻译所以措辞可能不同)

  2. 随着Popen

     import subprocess p = subprocess.Popen(['scp', 'test.txt', 'root@<ip-address>:/data']) sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)`

    我得到:

    FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 未找到指定的文件(再次翻译)

    我曾尝试以多种方式指向OpenSSH\\scp.exe ,但无济于事。

  3. 与帕拉米科:

     from paramiko import SSHClient from scp import SCPClient ssh = SSHClient() ssh.load_system_host_keys() ssh.connect('root@<ip-address>:data') with SCPClient(ssh.get_transport()) as scp: scp.put('test.txt', 'test.txt')`

    我得到:

     Traceback (most recent call last): File ".\\my_script.py", line 6, in <module> ssh.connect('root@<ip-address>:data') File "C:\\Users\\myself\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\lib\\site-packages\\paramiko\\client.py", line 334, in connect to_try = list(self._families_and_addresses(hostname, port)) File "C:\\Users\\myself\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\lib\\site-packages\\paramiko\\client.py", line 204, in _families_and_addresses hostname, port, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM File "C:\\Users\\myself\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\lib\\socket.py", line 748, in getaddrinfo for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags): socket.gaierror: [Errno 11003] getaddrinfo failed

我在 Windows 10 中运行 Python 3.7.3。


更新 - 运行scp -v

PS C:\scp_test> scp -v test.txt root@169.254.108.26:/data
Executing: program ssh.exe host 169.254.108.26, user root, command scp -v -t /data
OpenSSH_for_Windows_7.6p1, LibreSSL 2.6.4
debug1: Connecting to 169.254.108.26 [169.254.108.26] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_for_Windows_7.6
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version dropbear_2017.75
debug1: no match: dropbear_2017.75
debug1: Authenticating to 169.254.108.26:22 as 'root'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: aes128-ctr MAC: hmac-sha2-256 compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: aes128-ctr MAC: hmac-sha2-256 compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 SHA256:RNaIuHs4U+5p8kQrcB+0pwCoKab3j6DNCk5hShNzpj4
debug1: Host '169.254.108.26' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in C:\\Users\\myself/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug1: rekey after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: pubkey_prepare: ssh_get_authentication_socket: No such file or directory
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentication succeeded (none).
Authenticated to 169.254.108.26 ([169.254.108.26]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: Sending command: scp -v -t /data
Sending file modes: C0666 5430 test.txt
Sink: C0666 5430 test.txt
test.txt
100% 5430     5.3KB/s   00:00
debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0
debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1
Transferred: sent 7080, received 1376 bytes, in -7.0 seconds
debug1: Exit status 0

更新 II:我通过将 Python 重新安装为 64 位并使用 os 调用 OpenSSH 来运行它。

您错误地使用了SSHClient.connect

SSHClient.connect的第一个参数是hostname (在您的情况下也可以是 IP 地址)。 那里不能有用户名或其他任何东西。 用户username转到username参数。 目标路径(与 SSH 连接无关)仅指向SCPClient.put

这应该有效:

ssh = SSHClient()
ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.connect('<ip-address>', username='root')
with SCPClient(ssh.get_transport()) as scp:
    scp.put('test.txt', '/data/test.txt')

关于您尝试使用scp的尝试:只是一个疯狂的猜测,但我假设您使用 OpenSSH 的 Win32-OpenSSH 版本。 它仅提供 64 位版本。 如果您使用 32 位 Python,则无法找到 64 位 OpenSSH 工具,例如scp ,因为它们位于C:\\Windows\\System32 64 位版本中。 您可以通过魔术名称C:\\Windows\\sysnative\\OpenSSH\\sftp访问它。 阅读文件系统重定向器 虽然您不应该运行控制台应用程序来实现 SCP。 使用本机 Python SCP 实现,如SCPClient

如果 Win10 64 位和 Python 32 位 (3.8) 找到解决方案:

a = 'scp -r -i "path_to_your_key" path_to_file_want_to_send login@server_or_ip:path_on_server'
#  Also work if add ssh line to the a
# a += "\nssh -i path_to_your_key login@server_or_ip \"SOME COMMAND TO DO ON SERVER\""

filename = "sendjob.bat"
s = open(filename, "w+")
s.write(a)
s.close()
os.system('c:\windows\syswow64\cmd.exe /c c:\windows\sysnative\cmd.exe /c start ' + filename)

我的配置:没有root权限的Win10办公笔记本电脑,我需要将文件发送到Linux服务器,然后在那里做一些事情。

您的第一种方法可能存在的问题是您需要将反斜杠加倍。 反斜杠在字符串中用于表示特殊字符,但如果您只想要一个反斜杠,则需要其中两个

import os
my_scp = r'C:\\Windows\\System32\\OpenSSH\\scp.exe'
os.system(my_scp + ' test.txt root@<ip-address>:/data')

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