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[英]lxml: adding multiple mixed content (text + elements) child nodes to a parent element
[英]How can I select and update text nodes in mixed content using lxml?
我需要检查 XML 文件中所有text()
节点中的所有单词。 我正在使用 XPath //text()
来选择文本节点和一个正则表达式来选择单词。 如果该词存在于一组关键字中,我需要将其替换为某些内容并更新 XML。
通常使用.text
设置元素的文本,但 _Element 上的.text
只会更改第一个子文本节点。 在混合内容元素中,其他文本节点实际上是其前一个兄弟节点的.tail
。
如何更新所有文本节点?
在下面的简化示例中,我只是想将匹配的关键字括在方括号中...
输入 XML
<doc>
<para>I think the only card she has <gotcha>is the</gotcha> Lorem card. We have so many things that we have to do
better... and certainly ipsum is one of them. When other <gotcha>websites</gotcha> give you text, they're not
sending the best. They're not sending you, they're <gotcha>sending words</gotcha> that have lots of problems
and they're <gotcha>bringing</gotcha> those problems with us. They're bringing mistakes. They're bringing
misspellings. They're typists… And some, <gotcha>I assume</gotcha>, are good words.</para>
</doc>
期望输出
<doc>
<para>I think [the] only card she has <gotcha>[is] [the]</gotcha> Lorem card. We have so many things that we have to do
better... and certainly [ipsum] [is] one of them. When other <gotcha>websites</gotcha> give you text, they're not
sending [the] [best]. They're not sending you, they're <gotcha>sending words</gotcha> that have lots of [problems]
and they're <gotcha>bringing</gotcha> those [problems] with us. They're bringing [mistakes]. They're bringing
misspellings. They're typists… And some, <gotcha>I assume</gotcha>, are good words.</para>
</doc>
我在文档中找到了这个解决方案的关键: Using XPath to find text
具体地, is_text
和is_tail
的性质_ElementUnicodeResult 。
使用这些属性,我可以判断是否需要更新父_Element的.text
或.tail
属性。
起初这有点难以理解,因为当您在文本节点( _ElementUnicodeResult
getparent()
上使用getparent()
,它是其前一个兄弟节点( .is_tail == True
)的尾部,前一个兄弟.is_tail == True
是作为父节点返回的; 不是真正的父母。
例子...
Python
import re
from lxml import etree
xml = """<doc>
<para>I think the only card she has <gotcha>is the</gotcha> Lorem card. We have so many things that we have to do
better... and certainly ipsum is one of them. When other <gotcha>websites</gotcha> give you text, they're not
sending the best. They're not sending you, they're <gotcha>sending words</gotcha> that have lots of problems
and they're <gotcha>bringing</gotcha> those problems with us. They're bringing mistakes. They're bringing
misspellings. They're typists… And some, <gotcha>I assume</gotcha>, are good words.</para>
</doc>
"""
def update_text(match, word_list):
if match in word_list:
return f"[{match}]"
else:
return match
root = etree.fromstring(xml)
keywords = {"ipsum", "is", "the", "best", "problems", "mistakes"}
for text in root.xpath("//text()"):
parent = text.getparent()
updated_text = re.sub(r"[\w]+", lambda match: update_text(match.group(), keywords), text)
if text.is_text:
parent.text = updated_text
elif text.is_tail:
parent.tail = updated_text
etree.dump(root)
输出(转储到控制台)
<doc>
<para>I think [the] only card she has <gotcha>[is] [the]</gotcha> Lorem card. We have so many things that we have to do
better... and certainly [ipsum] [is] one of them. When other <gotcha>websites</gotcha> give you text, they're not
sending [the] [best]. They're not sending you, they're <gotcha>sending words</gotcha> that have lots of [problems]
and they're <gotcha>bringing</gotcha> those [problems] with us. They're bringing [mistakes]. They're bringing
misspellings. They're typists… And some, <gotcha>I assume</gotcha>, are good words.</para>
</doc>
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