如何从隐藏跨度 class HTML 中抓取链接？

Question

当我从真实网站上抓取真实世界的数据时，我正在学习 web 抓取。 然而，到目前为止，我从未遇到过此类问题。 通常可以通过右键单击网站部分然后单击检查选项来搜索想要的 HTML 源代码。 我会马上跳到这个例子来解释这个问题。

从上图中，红色标记的跨度 class 原本不存在，但是当我将（甚至没有点击）我的 cursor 放在用户名上时，会弹出一个该用户的小框，并且还会显示跨度 ZA2F2ED4F8DCEBC2CBBD4ZC21A26。 我最终想要抓取的是嵌入在该跨度 class 内的用户配置文件的链接地址。我不确定，但如果我可以解析该跨度 class，我想我可以尝试抓取链接地址，但我保留未能解析该隐藏跨度 class。

我没想到那么多，但我的代码当然给了我一个空列表，因为当我的 cursor 不在用户名上时，跨度 class 没有出现。 但我展示我的代码来展示我所做的事情。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver

#Incognito Mode
option=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument("--incognito")

#Open Chrome
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:/Users/chromedriver.exe",options=option)

driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html")
time.sleep(3)

#parse html
html =driver.page_source
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")

hidden=soup.find_all("span", class_="ui_overlay ui_popover arrow_left")
print (hidden)

是否有任何简单直观的方法可以使用 selenium 解析隐藏跨度 class？ 如果我能解析它，我可以使用'find' function 来解析用户的链接地址，然后遍历所有用户以获取所有链接地址。 谢谢你。

=======================通过添加以下内容更新了问题===================
为了对我想要检索的内容添加一些更详细的解释，我想从下图中获取用红色箭头指向的链接。 感谢您指出我需要更多解释。

===========================到目前为止更新的代码==================== =

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as wait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

#Incognito Mode
option=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument("--incognito")

#Open Chrome
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:/Users/chromedriver.exe",options=option)

driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html")
time.sleep(3)

profile=driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='mainContent']")
profile_pic=profile.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='ui_avatar large']")

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(profile_pic).perform()
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(profile_pic).click().perform()

#So far I could successfully hover over the first user. A few issues occur after this line.
#The error message says "type object 'By' has no attribute 'xpath'". I thought this would work since I searched on the internet how to enable this function.
waiting=wait(driver, 5).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.xpath,('//span//a[contains(@href,"/Profile/")]'))))

#This gives me also a error message saying that "unable to locate the element".
#Some of the ways to code in Python and Java were different so I searched how to get the value of the xpath which contains "/Profile/" but gives me an error.
profile_box=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span//a[contains(@href,"/Profile/")]').get_attribute("href")
print (profile_box)

另外，在这种情况下，有什么方法可以遍历 xpath 吗？

Answer 1

我认为您可以使用请求库而不是 selenium。

当您在用户名上使用 hover 时，您将收到如下请求 URL。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html = requests.get('https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html')
print(html.status_code)

soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser')

# Find all UID of username
# Split the string "UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293" into UID, SRC
# And recombine to Request URL
name = soup.find_all('div', class_="memberOverlayLink")
for i in name:
    print(i.get('id'))

# Use url to get profile link
response = requests.get('https://www.tripadvisor.com/MemberOverlay?Mode=owa&uid=805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E&c=&src=507403702&fus=false&partner=false&LsoId=&metaReferer=')
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
result = soup.find('a')
print(result.get('href'))

这是 output：

200
UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293
UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293
UID_D37FB22A0982ED20FA4D7345A60B8826-SRC_511863293
UID_805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E-SRC_507403702
UID_805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E-SRC_507403702
UID_805E0639C29797AEDE019E6F7DA9FF4E-SRC_507403702
UID_6A86C50AB327BA06D3B8B6F674200EDD-SRC_506453752
UID_6A86C50AB327BA06D3B8B6F674200EDD-SRC_506453752
UID_6A86C50AB327BA06D3B8B6F674200EDD-SRC_506453752
UID_97307AA9DD045AE5484EEEECCF0CA767-SRC_500684401
UID_97307AA9DD045AE5484EEEECCF0CA767-SRC_500684401
UID_97307AA9DD045AE5484EEEECCF0CA767-SRC_500684401
UID_E629D379A14B8F90E01214A5FA52C73B-SRC_496284746
UID_E629D379A14B8F90E01214A5FA52C73B-SRC_496284746
UID_E629D379A14B8F90E01214A5FA52C73B-SRC_496284746
/Profile/JLERPercy

---

如果要使用 selenium 来获取弹出框，

你可以使用 ActionChains 来做 hover() function。

但我认为它比使用请求效率低。

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).perform()

Answer 2

Python

下面的代码将提取 href 值。尝试让我知道它是如何进行的。

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
driver.implicitly_wait(15)

driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html");

#finds all the comments or profile pics
profile_pic= driver.find_elements(By.XPATH,"//div[@class='prw_rup prw_reviews_member_info_hsx']//div[@class='ui_avatar large']")

for i in profile_pic:
        #clicks all the profile pic one by one
        ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(i).perform()
        ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(i).click().perform()
        #print the href or link value
        profile_box=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span//a[contains(@href,"/Profile/")]').get_attribute("href")
        print (profile_box)

driver.quit()

Java 示例：

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class Selenium {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "./lib/chromedriver");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.get("https://www.tripadvisor.com/VacationRentalReview-g60742-d7951369-or20-Groove_Stone_Getaway-Asheville_North_Carolina.html");

        //finds all the comments or profiles
        List<WebElement> profile= driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@class='prw_rup prw_reviews_member_info_hsx']//div[@class='ui_avatar large']"));

        for(int i=0;i<profile.size();i++)
        {
            //Hover on user profile photo
            Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
            builder.moveToElement(profile.get(i)).perform();
            builder.moveToElement(profile.get(i)).click().perform();
            //Wait for user details pop-up
            WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
            wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//span//a[contains(@href,'/Profile/')]")));
            //Extract the href value
            String hrefvalue=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span//a[contains(@href,'/Profile/')]")).getAttribute("href");
            //Print the extracted value
            System.out.println(hrefvalue);
        }
        //close the browser
        driver.quit(); 

    }

}

output

 https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/861kellyd https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/JLERPercy https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/rayn817 https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/grossla https://www.tripadvisor.com/Profile/kapmem