WebDriverException：消息：未知错误：Chrome 无法启动：使用 ChromeDriver Chrome 和 Selenium Python 异常退出错误

Question

我正在尝试在我的虚拟 ubuntu shell 上安装和使用 Selenium chromedriver，我一步一步地按照各种教程进行操作，但似乎仍有问题......经过对该问题的多次研究后，我找不到任何答案。

这是我试图运行的小代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://google.com')

由于我在各种主题上找到的建议，我添加了 chrome_options。 但是我真的不明白为什么有必要？

不幸的是，我的程序向我发送了以下错误，我在这里卡住了，我不知道该怎么办：

/home/lclis/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:7: DeprecationWarning: use options instead of chrome_options
  import sys
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
WebDriverException                        Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-259faa721232> in <module>
      5 chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
      6 chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')
----> 7 driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
      8 driver.get('https://google.com')

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py in __init__(self, executable_path, port, options, service_args, desired_capabilities, service_log_path, chrome_options, keep_alive)
     79                     remote_server_addr=self.service.service_url,
     80                     keep_alive=keep_alive),
---> 81                 desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)
     82         except Exception:
     83             self.quit()

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in __init__(self, command_executor, desired_capabilities, browser_profile, proxy, keep_alive, file_detector, options)
    155             warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
    156                           DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
--> 157         self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
    158         self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
    159         self._mobile = Mobile(self)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in start_session(self, capabilities, browser_profile)
    250         parameters = {"capabilities": w3c_caps,
    251                       "desiredCapabilities": capabilities}
--> 252         response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
    253         if 'sessionId' not in response:
    254             response = response['value']

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in execute(self, driver_command, params)
    319         response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
    320         if response:
--> 321             self.error_handler.check_response(response)
    322             response['value'] = self._unwrap_value(
    323                 response.get('value', None))

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py in check_response(self, response)
    240                 alert_text = value['alert'].get('text')
    241             raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace, alert_text)
--> 242         raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
    243 
    244     def _value_or_default(self, obj, key, default):

WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/chromium-browser is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

有人已经遇到过这个问题或对此有任何建议吗？

Answer 1

---

第一条错误信息...

/home/lclis/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:7: DeprecationWarning: use options instead of chrome_options
  import sys
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
WebDriverException                        Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-259faa721232> in <module>
      5 chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
      6 chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')
----> 7 driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

...暗示ChromeDriver无法启动/生成新的浏览上下文，即Chrome 浏览器会话。

---

根据Selenium的python客户端v3.8.0 chrome_options的发行说明已弃用：

浏览器选项参数现在作为options跨驱动程序标准化。 firefox_options 、 chrome_options和ie_options现已弃用。

---

解决方案

在初始化 ChromeDriver/Chrome 会话时，您需要使用options而不是chrome_options 。 所以有效地你的代码块将是：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://google.com')

Answer 2

您可以使用以下代码片段在服务器（没有 GUI 的ubuntu，框中没有可用的X 窗口）上运行selenium爬虫：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://google.com')

Answer 3

我在谷歌上搜索 ruby​​ 错误，但发现了这个。 对于某些人来说，它可能会有所帮助。

我错误地设置了水豚会话（它本身依赖于硒）

# WRONG
session = Capybara::Session.new(:selenium_chrome)

# CORRECT, see headless added
session = Capybara::Session.new(:selenium_chrome_headless)