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SwiftUI 自定义视图的 ViewBuilder 不会在子类 ObservedObject 更新上重新渲染/更新

[英]SwiftUI custom View's ViewBuilder doesn't re-render/update on subclassed ObservedObject update

我已经研究了几天,搜索了 Swift 和 SwiftUI 文档、SO、论坛等,但似乎找不到答案。

这是问题所在;

我有一个 SwiftUI 自定义视图,它对远程资源的自定义 API 请求类进行一些状态确定。 View 处理显示加载状态和失败状态,以及它的主体内容通过 ViewBuilder 传递,这样如果来自 API 的状态成功并且资源数据被加载,它将显示页面的内容。

问题是,当子类 ObservedObject 更新时,ViewBuilder 内容不会重新渲染。 对象更新以响应 UI(当按下按钮时等),但 UI 永远不会重新渲染/更新以反映子类 ObservedObject 中的更改,例如,子类 ObservedObject 中数组后面的 ForEach 在以下情况下不会刷新数组内容改变。 如果我将它移出自定义视图,ForEach 将按预期工作。

我可以确认代码编译并运行。 观察者和debugPrint()始终表明ApiObject正在正确更新状态,并且视图反映ApiState变化绝对正确。 它只是 ViewBuilder 的Content 我假设是因为 ViewBuilder 只会被调用一次。

编辑:上面的段落应该是提示, ApiState更新正确,但是在将大量日志记录到应用程序后,UI 没有监听子类 ObservedObject 的发布。 属性在变化,状态也在变化,但 UI 并没有对其做出反应。 另外,下一句被证明是错误的,我在 VStack 中再次测试,组件仍然没有重新渲染,这意味着我找错了地方!

如果是这种情况, VStack和其他此类元素如何解决这个问题? 还是因为我的ApiObjectView在状态更改时被重新渲染,导致子视图“重置”? 尽管在这种情况下,我希望它能够接受新数据并按预期工作,但它永远不会重新渲染。

有问题的代码在下面的CustomDataList.swiftApiObjectView.swift中。 我已经发表评论指出正确的方向。

这是示例代码;

// ApiState.swift
// Stores the API state for where the request and data parse is currently at.
// This drives the ApiObjectView state UI.

import Foundation

enum ApiState: String
{
    case isIdle

    case isFetchingData
    case hasFailedToFetchData

    case isLoadingData
    case hasFailedToLoadData

    case hasUsableData
}
// ApiObject.swift
// A base class that the Controllers for the app extend from.
// These classes can make data requests to the remote resource API over the
// network to feed their internal data stores.

class ApiObject: ObservableObject
{
    @Published var apiState: ApiState = .isIdle

    let networkRequest: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest(baseUrl: "https://api.example.com/api")

    public func apiGetJson<T: Codable>(to: String, decodeAs: T.Type, onDecode: @escaping (_ unwrappedJson: T) -> Void) -> Void
    {
        self.apiState = .isFetchingData

        self.networkRequest.send(
            to: to,
            onComplete: {
                self.apiState = .isLoadingData

                let json = self.networkRequest.decodeJsonFromResponse(decodeAs: decodeAs)

                guard let unwrappedJson = json else {
                    self.apiState = .hasFailedToLoadData
                    return
                }

                onDecode(unwrappedJson)

                self.apiState = .hasUsableData
            },
            onFail: {
                self.apiState = .hasFailedToFetchData
            }
        )
    }
}
// DataController.swift
// This is a genericised example of the production code.
// These controllers build, manage and serve their resource data.
// Subclassed from the ApiObject, inheriting ObservableObject

import Foundation
import Combine

class CustomDataController: ApiObject
{
    @Published public var customData: [CustomDataStruct] = []

    public func fetch() -> Void
    {
        self.apiGetJson(
            to: "custom-data-endpoint ",
            decodeAs: [CustomDataStruct].self,
            onDecode: { unwrappedJson in
                self.customData = unwrappedJson
            }
        )
    }
}

这是在将ObservedObject上的ForEach更改为其绑定数组属性时出现问题的视图。

// CustomDataList.swift
// This is the SwiftUI View that drives the content to the user as a list
// that displays the CustomDataController.customData.
// The ForEach in this View 

import SwiftUI

struct CustomDataList: View
{
    @ObservedObject var customDataController: CustomDataController = CustomDataController()

    var body: some View
    {
        ApiObjectView(
            apiObject: self.customDataController,
            onQuit: {}
        ) {
            List
            {
                Section(header: Text("Custom Data").padding(.top, 40))
                {
                    ForEach(self.customDataController.customData, id: \.self, content: { customData in
                        // This is the example that doesn't re-render when the
                        // customDataController updates its data. I have
                        // verified via printing at watching properties
                        // that the object is updating and pushing the
                        // change.

                        // The ObservableObject updates the array, but this ForEach
                        // is not run again when the data is changed.

                        // In the production code, there are buttons in here that
                        // change the array data held within customDataController.customData.

                        // When tapped, they update the array and the ForEach, when placed
                        // in the body directly does reflect the change when
                        // customDataController.customData updates.
                        // However, when inside the ApiObjectView, as by this example,
                        // it does not.

                        Text(customData.textProperty)
                    })
                }
            }
            .listStyle(GroupedListStyle())
        }
        .navigationBarTitle(Text("Learn"))
        .onAppear() {
            self.customDataController.fetch()
        }
    }
}

struct CustomDataList_Previews: PreviewProvider
{
    static var previews: some View
    {
        CustomDataList()
    }
}

这是有问题的自定义视图,不会重新呈现其内容。

// ApiObjectView
// This is the containing View that is designed to assist in the UI rendering of ApiObjects
// by handling the state automatically and only showing the ViewBuilder contents when
// the state is such that the data is loaded and ready, in a non errornous, ready state.
// The ViewBuilder contents loads fine when the view is rendered or the state changes,
// but the Content is never re-rendered if it changes.
// The state renders fine and is reactive to the object, the apiObjectContent
// however, is not.

import SwiftUI

struct ApiObjectView<Content: View>: View {
    @ObservedObject var apiObject: ApiObject

    let onQuit: () -> Void

    let apiObjectContent: () -> Content

    @inlinable public init(apiObject: ApiObject, onQuit: @escaping () -> Void, @ViewBuilder content: @escaping () -> Content) {
        self.apiObject = apiObject
        self.onQuit = onQuit
        self.apiObjectContent = content
    }

    func determineViewBody() -> AnyView
    {
        switch (self.apiObject.apiState) {
            case .isIdle:
                return AnyView(
                    ActivityIndicator(
                        isAnimating: .constant(true),
                        style: .large
                    )
                )

            case .isFetchingData:
                return AnyView(
                    ActivityIndicator(
                        isAnimating: .constant(true),
                        style: .large
                    )
                )

            case .isLoadingData:
                return AnyView(
                    ActivityIndicator(
                        isAnimating: .constant(true),
                        style: .large
                    )
                )

            case .hasFailedToFetchData:
                return AnyView(
                    VStack
                    {
                        Text("Failed to load data!")
                            .padding(.bottom)

                        QuitButton(action: self.onQuit)
                    }
                )

            case .hasFailedToLoadData:
                return AnyView(
                    VStack
                    {
                        Text("Failed to load data!")
                            .padding(.bottom)

                        QuitButton(action: self.onQuit)
                    }
                )

            case .hasUsableData:
                return AnyView(
                    VStack
                    {
                        self.apiObjectContent()
                    }
                )
        }
    }

    var body: some View
    {
        self.determineViewBody()
    }
}

struct ApiObjectView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    static var previews: some View {
        ApiObjectView(
            apiObject: ApiObject(),
            onQuit: {
                print("I quit.")
            }
        ) {
            EmptyView()
        }
    }
}

现在,如果不使用ApiObjectView并且内容直接放在 View 中,则上述所有代码都可以正常工作。

但是,这对于代码重用和架构来说是可怕的,这种方式既漂亮又整洁,但不起作用。

有没有其他方法可以解决这个问题,例如通过ViewModifierView扩展?

对此的任何帮助将不胜感激。

正如我所说,我似乎无法找到任何有此问题的人或任何在线资源,可以为我指明解决此问题的正确方向,或可能导致此问题的原因,例如 ViewBuilder 文档中所述。

编辑:为了抛出一些有趣的东西,我已经向CustomDataList添加了一个倒数计时器,它每 1 秒更新一个标签。 如果该计时器对象更新了文本,则重新渲染视图,但当显示倒计时时间的标签上的文本更新时才会重新渲染。

把我的头发拔了一个星期后才弄清楚,这是一个未记录的问题,将ObservableObject子类化,如这个SO answer 所示

这尤其令人讨厌,因为 Xcode 显然会提示您删除该类,因为父类提供了对ObservableObject继承,所以在我看来一切都很好。

解决方法是,在子类中,通过相关@Published变量或任何您需要的willSet侦听器手动触发通用状态更改self.objectWillChange.send()

在我提供的示例中,问题中的基类ApiObject保持不变。

虽然, CustomDataController需要修改如下:

// DataController.swift
// This is a genericised example of the production code.
// These controllers build, manage and serve their resource data.

import Foundation
import Combine

class CustomDataController: ApiObject
{
    @Published public var customData: [CustomDataStruct] = [] {
        willSet {
            // This is the generic state change fire that needs to be added.
            self.objectWillChange.send()
        }
    }

    public func fetch() -> Void
    {
        self.apiGetJson(
            to: "custom-data-endpoint ",
            decodeAs: [CustomDataStruct].self,
            onDecode: { unwrappedJson in
                self.customData = unwrappedJson
            }
        )
    }
}

一旦我添加了手动发布,问题就解决了。

链接答案中的一个重要说明:不要在子类上重新声明objectWillChange ,因为这将再次导致状态无法正确更新。 例如声明默认值

let objectWillChange = PassthroughSubject<Void, Never>()

在子类上将再次中断状态更新,这需要保留在直接从ObservableObject扩展的父类上,无论是我的手动还是自动默认定义(输入或不输入并保留为继承声明)。

尽管您仍然可以根据需要定义任意数量的自定义PassthroughSubject声明,而不会PassthroughSubject类产生问题,例如

// DataController.swift
// This is a genericised example of the production code.
// These controllers build, manage and serve their resource data.

import Foundation
import Combine

class CustomDataController: ApiObject
{
    var customDataWillUpdate = PassthroughSubject<[CustomDataStruct], Never>()

    @Published public var customData: [CustomDataStruct] = [] {
        willSet {
            // Custom state change handler.
            self.customDataWillUpdate.send(newValue)

            // This is the generic state change fire that needs to be added.
            self.objectWillChange.send()
        }
    }

    public func fetch() -> Void
    {
        self.apiGetJson(
            to: "custom-data-endpoint ",
            decodeAs: [CustomDataStruct].self,
            onDecode: { unwrappedJson in
                self.customData = unwrappedJson
            }
        )
    }
}

只要

  • self.objectWillChange.send()保留在您需要的子类上的@Published属性上
  • 不会在子类上重新声明默认的PassthroughSubject声明

它将正常工作并传播状态更改。

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