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正则表达式捕获一组单词后跟一组格式化的数量

[英]Regular expression to capture a group of words followed by a group of formatted quantities

给定文本文件的内容(如下),我想从具有以下模式的每一行中提取两个值 - 用[#]指示的捕获组:

  1. 未知数量的前导空格......
  2. [1]一组单词(每个单词由一个空格分隔)...
  3. 两个或更多空间…
  4. [2]由一串数字表示的数量,其中可能包含逗号并可能用括号括起来……
  5. 两个或更多空间…
  6. 遵循与前者相同模式的数量
  7. 未知数量的尾随空格。

目标是捕获文本中“Notes”和“2019”列下的值并将它们放入Python字典中。

我尝试使用以下正则表达式:

(\\w+)\\s{1}(\\w+)*

(.*?)[ ]{2,}(.*?)[ ]{2,}(.*?)[ ]{2,}(.*)

示例文本文件:

                                                    Micro-entity Balance Sheet as at 31 May 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                  Notes            2019           2018                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         £              £                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Fixed Assets                                                                                             2,046          1,369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Current Assets                                                                                         53,790         24,799                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Creditors: amounts falling due within one year                                                        (23,146)        (6,106)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Net current assets (liabilities)                                                                       30,644          18,693                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Total assets less current liabilities                                                                  32,690         20,062                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Total net assets (liabilities)                                                                         32,690         20,062                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                         Capital and reserves                                                                                   32,690         20,062                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                 For the year ending 31 May 2019 the company was entities to exemption under section 477 of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                 Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
           ®     The members have not required the company to obtain an audit in accordance with section 476 of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                 the Companies Act 2006.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
           ®     The director acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                 Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting                               records and the preparation of accounts.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
           ®     The accounts         have been prepared in accordance with the micro-entity provisions and delivered in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                 accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
       Approved by the Board on 20 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
       And signed on their behalf by:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
       Director                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
       This document was delivered using electronic communications and authenticated in accordance with the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
       registrar's rules relating to electronic form, authentication and manner of delivery under section 1072 of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
       the Companies Act 2006.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

示例有效匹配:

"Fixed Assets", "2,046"
"Current Assets", "53,790"
"Creditors: amounts falling due within one year", "(23,146)"
"Net current assets (liabilities)", "30,644"
"Total assets less current liabilities", "32,690"
"Total net assets (liabilities)", "32,690"
"Capital and reserves", "32,690"

你那么近,却又那么远。 为什么?

你的第一个正则表达式…

(\w+)\s{1}(\w+)*

... 是不够的,因为两个捕获组没有考虑第一种情况下单词之间的空格或第二种情况下的数量格式。

你的第二个正则表达式……

(.*?)[ ]{2,}(.*?)[ ]{2,}(.*?)[ ]{2,}(.*)

...更好,因为它有效地捕获了词组,无论多么急切。

笔记:

  1. 您不需要围绕前导和尾随空格的捕获组。
  2. 空格字符周围不需要括号。 括号表示一组字符,但您在该组中只有一个字符。

如果您通过删除不必要的捕获组稍微修改它......

.*? {2,}(.*?) {2,}(.*?) {2,}.*

…您可以看到它捕获了“Notes”和“2019”下的值,但它也积极地捕获了不需要的文本。

您可以解析这些匹配项并使用 Python 代码丢弃不需要的匹配项。 不需要正则表达式,但可以更精确地使用它。

您的正则表达式捕获了不需要的数据,因为您不必要地将任何字符与.*? ,当您实际上想要将匹配限制为:

  1. 一组单词(每个单词由一个空格分隔)
  2. 由一串数字表示的数量,可能包含逗号并可能用括号括起来

只有您关心的线条才真正遵循此模式。

考虑一下:

^ *((?:\S+ )+) {2,}(\(?[0-9,]+\)?).*$

查看@ Regex101.com

上述正则表达式通过以下方式改进了模式匹配:

  1. 显式匹配行首^和行尾$以防止匹配多行。
  2. 使用非捕获组匹配一个或多个后跟一个空格的单词: (?:\\S+ )+
  3. 将非空白字符与\\S匹配以捕获“单词”标点符号(例如: )。
  4. 选择性地仅匹配一个或多个数字和逗号的组合,可选地用\\(?[0-9,]+\\)?

但即使这样也会返回不需要的列标题“Notes”和“2019”。 您可以使用否定前瞻... (?!Notes) ...来防止匹配包含“Notes”的行。

最终解决方案:

^ *((?:(?!Notes)\S+ )+) {2,}((?[0-9,]+)?).*$
查看@ Regex101.com

您可能会发现将其视为语法图很有教育意义: 建议的最终解决方案的正则表达式语法图 查看@ RegExper.com

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