如何在 tkinter 中创建新的 window，同时让 pagest 保留功能

Question

我正在为我的 A 级编写一个数据库程序，我有一系列 tkinter 页面，这些页面旨在通过一个中心页面链接。 搜索、删除和更新功能自行成功运行 SQL 查询，但在从主页调用时失去其功能，我没有收到任何可见的错误消息。 我正在运行 SQLite 3.11.2 和 Python 3.7.3

以下是主页所需的代码。

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox
import AttendancePage
import NEA_SQL_IIII

class Student:

   def __init__ (self,root):
       self.root =root
       self.root.title("ODIN")
       self.root.geometry("1350x750+0+0")
       self.root.config(bg="ghost white")

       def ap():
           AttendancePage.Attendance(Tk())

       MainFrame = Frame(self.root, bg="Ghost White")
       MainFrame.grid()

       TitFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=2, padx=54, pady=8, bg="Ghost White", relief = RIDGE)
       TitFrame.pack(side=TOP)

       self.lblTit = Label(TitFrame ,font=('ariel', 47,'bold'),text="Welcome to the ODIN main page",bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblTit.grid()

       CallButtonFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=2, width=1350, height=70, padx=18, pady=10, bg="blue2", relief = RIDGE)
       CallButtonFrame.pack(side=TOP)

       self.btnAttend = Button(CallButtonFrame, text = 'Attendance page',height=5,width=15, bd=4,command = ap)
       self.btnAttend.grid(row=0, column=0)

下面是考勤页面的代码

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import*
import tkinter.messagebox
import NEA_SQL_IIII

class Attendance:

   def __init__ (self,root):
       self.root =root
       self.root.title("ODIN Attendance Page")
       self.root.geometry("1350x750+0+0")
       self.root.config(bg="ghost white")
#These are all the entry widgets, where the values will be added
       Absent = BooleanVar()
       AbsenceNote = BooleanVar()
       TotalAbsences = IntVar()
       StudentName = StringVar()
       StudentID = StringVar()
       should_auto = BooleanVar()

       #function
       #This is the section that will give the buttons their functionality
       def Clear():
           self.entStudentID.delete(0,END)
           self.entStudentName.delete(0,END)
           self.chkAbsent.deselect()
           self.chkAbsenceNote.deselect()
           self.entTotalAbsences.delete(0,END)


       def Exit():
           Exit = tk.messagebox.askyesno("ODIN","Do you wish to exit?")
           if Exit > 0:
               root.destroy()
               return

       def searchDatabase():
           attendanceList.delete(0,END)
           for row in NEA_SQL_IIII.searchA(StudentID.get(),StudentName.get()):
               attendanceList.insert(END,row,str(""))


       def viewData():
           attendanceList.delete(0,END)
           for row in NEA_SQL_IIII.displayA():
               attendanceList.insert(END,row,str(""))

       def deleteData():
           if(len(StudentName.get())!=0):
              NEA_SQL_IIII.DeleteDataA(sd[0])
              Clear()
              viewData()

       def AttendRec(event):
           global sd
           searchAttend = attendanceList.curselection()[0]
           sd = attendanceList.get(searchAttend)

           self.entStudentID.delete(0,END)
           self.entStudentID.insert(END,sd[0])
           self.entStudentName.delete(0,END)
           self.entStudentName.insert(END,sd[1])
           self.chkAbsent.deselect()
           self.chkAbsent.select()
           self.chkAbsenceNote.deselect()
           self.chkAbsenceNote.select()
           self.entTotalAbsences.delete(0,END)
           self.entTotalAbsences.insert(END,sd[4])

       def Update():
           if(len(StudentID.get())!=0):
               NEA_SQL_IIII.DeleteDataA(sd[0])
           if(len(StudentID.get())!=0):
               NEA_SQL_IIII.addStudentA(StudentID.get(),StudentName.get(),Absent.get(),AbsenceNote.get(),TotalAbsences.get())
               attendanceList.delete(0,END)
               attendanceList.insert(END,(StudentID.get(),StudentName.get(),Absent.get(),AbsenceNote.get(),TotalAbsences.get()))


       #Frames
       #These will define all the different frames

       MainFrame = Frame(self.root, bg="Ghost White")
       MainFrame.grid()

       TitFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=2, padx=54, pady=8, bg="Ghost White", relief = RIDGE)
       TitFrame.pack(side=TOP)

       self.lblTit = Label(TitFrame ,font=('ariel', 47,'bold'),text="ODIN Attendance Page",bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblTit.grid()

       ButtonFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=2, width=1350, height=70, padx=18, pady=10, bg="blue2", relief = RIDGE)
       ButtonFrame.pack(side=BOTTOM)

       DataFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=1, width=1300, height=400, padx=20, pady=20, bg="ghost white", relief = RIDGE)
       DataFrame.pack(side=BOTTOM)

       #DataFrameTOP = LabelFrame(DataFrame, bd=1, width=1000, height=300, padx=20, pady=4, relief = RIDGE,  bg="Ghost White", font=('ariel', 20,'bold'), text = "Student Info\n")
       #DataFrameTOP.pack(side=TOP)

       DataFrameLEFT = LabelFrame(DataFrame, bd=1, width=450, height=200, padx=20,pady=3, bg="Ghost White", relief = RIDGE, font=('ariel', 20,'bold'), text = "Student Info\n")
       DataFrameLEFT.pack(side=LEFT)

       DataFrameRIGHT = LabelFrame(DataFrame, bd=1, width=450, height=200, padx=31,pady=3, bg="Ghost White", relief = RIDGE, font=('ariel', 20,'bold'), text = "Student Details\n")
       DataFrameRIGHT.pack(side=RIGHT)

#Label and Entry Widget
#These are the widgets that will allow for labels onto the entry sections


       self.lblStudentID = Label(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),text="Student ID", padx=2, pady=2, bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblStudentID.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
       self.entStudentID = Entry(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),textvariable=StudentID,  width=39)
       self.entStudentID.grid(row=0, column=1)

       self.lblStudentName = Label(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),text="Student Name", padx=2, pady=2, bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblStudentName.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
       self.entStudentName = Entry(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),textvariable=StudentName,  width=39)
       self.entStudentName.grid(row=1, column=1)

       self.lblAbsent = Label(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),text="Absent?", padx=2, pady=2, bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblAbsent.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W)
       self.chkAbsent = Checkbutton(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),textvariable=Absent, variable = should_auto, onvalue = True, offvalue = False, width=39)
       self.chkAbsent.grid(row=2, column=1)

       self.lblAbsenceNote = Label(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),text="Absence Note?", padx=2, pady=2, bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblAbsenceNote.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W)
       self.chkAbsenceNote = Checkbutton(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),textvariable=AbsenceNote,  width=39, onvalue = True, offvalue = False)
       self.chkAbsenceNote.grid(row=3, column=1)

       self.lblTotalAbsences = Label(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),text="Total Absences?", padx=2, pady=2, bg="Ghost White")
       self.lblTotalAbsences.grid(row=4, column=0, sticky=W)
       self.entTotalAbsences = Entry(DataFrameLEFT ,font=('ariel', 11,'bold'),textvariable=TotalAbsences,  width=39)
       self.entTotalAbsences.grid(row=4, column=1)



       #scrollbar

       scrollbar = Scrollbar(DataFrameRIGHT)
       scrollbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky = 'ns')

       attendanceList = Listbox(DataFrameRIGHT, width=41, height=16, font=('ariel',12,'bold'), yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
       attendanceList.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>',AttendRec)
       attendanceList.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=8)
       scrollbar.config(command = attendanceList.yview)

#button
       #self.btnAddDate = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Add New', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command=addData)
       #self.btnAddDate.grid(row=0, column=0)

       self.btnDisplay = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Display', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command=viewData)
       self.btnDisplay.grid(row=0, column=0)

       self.btnClear = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Clear', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command=Clear)
       self.btnClear.grid(row=0, column=1)

       self.btnDelete = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Delete', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command = deleteData)
       self.btnDelete.grid(row=0, column=2)

       self.btnSearch = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Search', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command = searchDatabase)
       self.btnSearch.grid(row=0, column=3)

       #self.btnUpdate = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Update', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command = updateData)
       #self.btnUpdate.grid(row=0, column=4)

       self.btnUpdate = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Update', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command = Update)
       self.btnUpdate.grid(row=0, column=4)

       self.btnQuit = Button(ButtonFrame, text='Quit', font=('ariel',20,'bold'),height=1,width=10, bd=4, command=Exit)
       self.btnQuit.grid(row=0, column=5)


if __name__=='__main__':
   root = Tk()
   application = Attendance(root)
   root.mainloop()

以下是所需的 SQL 代码（NEA_SQL_IIII）

def Attendance():
    con=sqlite3.connect("Attendance.db")
    cur=con.cursor()
    cur.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXIST Attendance (Absent BOOLEAN, AbsenceNote BOOLEAN, TotalAbsences INTEGER, FOREIGN KEY StudentName REFERENCES StudentRecord(StudentName),FOREIGN KEY StudentID REFERENCES StudentRecord(StudentID), PRIMARY KEY(StudentID)")
    con.commit()
    con.close()

def displayA():
    con=sqlite3.connect("Attendance.db")
    cur=con.cursor()
    cur.execute("SELECT * FROM Attendance")
    rows =cur.fetchall()
    con.close()
    return rows

def DeleteDataA(StudentID):
    con=sqlite3.connect("Attendance.db")
    cur=con.cursor()
    cur.execute("DELETE FROM Attendance WHERE StudentID=?", (StudentID,))
    con.commit()
    return con, cur
    con.close()

def searchA(StudentName="", StudentID=""):
    con=sqlite3.connect("Attendance.db", isolation_level=None)
    cur=con.cursor()
    cur.execute("SELECT * FROM Attendance WHERE StudentName=? OR StudentID=?", (StudentName,StudentID,))
    rows = cur.fetchall()
    con.close()
    return rows

def UpdateDataA(StudentID="", StudentName="", Behaviour="", Achievement="", Detention="", ProgressLevel=""):
    con=sqlite3.connect("StudentRecord.db")
    cur=con.cursor()
    cur.execute("UPDATE StudentRecord SET StudentName=?, Behaviour=?, Achievement=?, Detention=?, ProgressLevel=? WHERE StudentID=? ", (StudentID,StudentName,Behaviour,Achievement,Detention,ProgressLevel))
    con.commit()
    con.close()

Answer 1

对于您的问题，我假设您希望创建许多一起工作的 Tkinter windows。 在这种情况下，我将创建多个 .py 文件并使用单个文件，其中所有 windows 从.

我知道这有点啰嗦，所以让我解释一下......

首先，创建一个 central.py 文件来控制您的主 window。 我会称它为 main.py

为您的新 window 创建一个 new.py 文件。

为所有 windows 创建一个 .txt 文件以集中运行，将其命名为 data.txt 之类的东西。

将导入添加到其他程序以开始程序之间的数据 stream 并创建其他程序 window。 然后将等待设置为 True。

最后，在单独的窗口打开时包含一个 While 循环，并使用它来不断检查您的 data.txt 文件是否有任何更新。 例如：

While waiting == True:
    f = open("data.txt","r")
    recent = f.read() #or do a readline if you want certain data
    if recent == old:
        old = recent
    else:
        old = recent
        #insert what/where you want the data to go after it's updated.
        #you could also add a waiting = False loop if you like, if after the data has been edited you wish the program to stop checking the data.txt file.
        #You can also add code to remotely stop the other window here too if you like.

希望这可以帮助。

Answer 2

您不能从一个 python 进程同时运行多个 tkinter windows，因为 ZE5BA8B4C39C29BF13426EF5E0287AAA5 有时不太可能以线程安全的方式运行，但有时它不是线程安全的。 如果您想运行多个页面，我建议您使用不同的 GUI 工具包或使用以下方法从不同的进程运行 tkinter windows：

import subprocess, sys
subprocess.Popen((sys.executable + '/path/to/file.py').split())

如果您需要在进程之间进行通信，那么它会变得更加复杂，我建议您使用socket 。