部署时使用 django 管理员上传照片时如何修复权限错误？

Question

我正在尝试使用 Django 管理员上传照片，但出现以下错误[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/static' 。

我正在尝试将此项目部署到运行 ubuntu 18.04 LTS 的 Linode 服务器。

我相信这是我对 apache 用户的权限的问题，因为如果我运行manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000并通过端口 8000 访问该站点，我可以很好地上传照片。 我还应该提到，我可以将管理页面用于任何不需要照片的模型。

我已经尝试了任何我可以在网上找到的东西，甚至已经 chmodded 777 -R 将目录添加到项目中。

这是项目的路径： /home/jonny/estate 。

这些是我的家庭目录和房地产目录的权限：

jonny@django-server:~$ ls -la
total 68
drwxrwxrwx  7 jonny    jonny    4096 May  4 10:01 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 root     root     4096 May  1 17:49 ..
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny    4795 May  2 18:13 .bash_history
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny     220 May  1 17:49 .bash_logout
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny    3771 May  1 17:49 .bashrc
drwxrwxrwx  3 jonny    jonny    4096 May  1 18:16 .cache
drwxrwxrwx 10 www-data www-data 4096 May  4 10:10 estate
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny      29 May  2 14:04 .gitconfig
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny      75 May  2 16:01 .git-credentials
drwxrwxrwx  3 jonny    jonny    4096 May  1 17:50 .gnupg
drwxrwxrwx  3 jonny    jonny    4096 May  1 19:23 .local
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny     807 May  1 17:49 .profile
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny       7 May  1 18:10 .python_history
drwxrwxrwx  2 jonny    jonny    4096 May  1 17:53 .shh
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny    1675 May  1 17:57 .ssh
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny       0 May  1 17:59 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny    3989 May  4 10:01 .viminfo

jonny@django-server:~/estate$ ls -la
total 300
drwxrwxrwx 10 www-data www-data      4096 May  4 10:10 .
drwxrwxrwx  7 jonny    jonny         4096 May  4 10:01 ..
drwxrwxrwx  4 jonny    jonny         4096 May  2 13:57 api
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    www-data    253952 May  4 10:10 db.sqlite3
drwxrwxrwx  3 jonny    jonny         4096 May  2 16:01 estate
drwxrwxrwx  8 jonny    jonny         4096 May  2 16:01 .git
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny           30 May  1 18:07 .gitignore
drwxrwxrwx  3 jonny    jonny         4096 May  1 18:07 .idea
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny          626 May  1 18:07 manage.py
-rwxrwxrwx  1 jonny    jonny           89 May  1 18:16 requirements.txt
drwxrwxrwx  7 www-data jonny         4096 May  1 18:07 static
drwxrwxrwx  8 www-data varwwwusers   4096 May  1 18:19 staticfiles
drwxrwxrwx  5 jonny    jonny         4096 May  1 18:07 ui
drwxrwxrwx  6 jonny    jonny         4096 May  1 18:13 venv

这些是我在 settings.py 中的 static 设置：

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles/')

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
     os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/'),
 ]

这是我的 apache 配置文件：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
    # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
    # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
    # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
    # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
    # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
    # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
    #ServerName www.example.com

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html

    # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
    # error, crit, alert, emerg.
    # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
    # modules, e.g.
    #LogLevel info ssl:warn

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
    # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
    # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
    # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
    # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
    #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf

    Alias /static /home/jonny/estate/staticfiles
    <Directory /home/jonny/estate/staticfiles>
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    <Directory /home/jonny/estate/estate>
        <Files wsgi.py>
            Require all granted
        </Files>
    </Directory>

    WSGIScriptAlias / /home/jonny/estate/estate/wsgi.py
    WSGIDaemonProcess estate python-path=/home/jonny/estate python-home=/home/jonny/estate/venv
    WSGIProcessGroup estate
</VirtualHost>

任何帮助都将不胜感激。 这是我第一次部署 Django 项目，我很迷茫。 抱歉，如果我遗漏了任何信息或遗漏了一些非常明显的信息。

Answer 1

错误很简单，如 django 所示。 如果你要从网站上传，你应该使用media 。 static用于加载 static 文件，这些文件最初是直接添加到目录中的，用户不会更改。 如果您通过网站将任何文件添加到服务器，只需使用media 。 static 与媒体| static_files_in_django | media_files_in_django（简单更好）