如何在不使用全局变量的情况下将列表从一个 function 传递到另一个？

Question

我对 python 很陌生，目前正在尝试一个项目，该项目要求用户从 csv 文件中读取数据，并存储该数据以便可以对其执行其他功能。 我目前似乎遇到的唯一问题是我不能使用全局变量。

刚才我有以下代码结构：

import csv
import sys
data_set = []

def loadFile(x):
    with open(x, "r") as readfile:
        csv_reader = csv.reader(readfile, delimiter= ';')
        for row in csv_reader:
            data_set.append(row)
    print("Loaded weather data from", (x[0:-4]).capitalize())
    print()

def avgDay(x):
    for line in data_set:
        if(len(x) == 5 and (x[3:5] + "-" + x[0:2]) in line[0]):
           print("The weather on", x, "was on average", line[2], "centigrade")

有什么方法可以将 data_set 调用到其他函数吗？ （我还有一些需要处理数据的函数）。

Answer 1

是的，只需将其作为参数传入，并在最初生成时返回。

import csv
import sys

def loadFile(x):
    date_set = []
    with open(x, "r") as readfile:
        csv_reader = csv.reader(readfile, delimiter= ';')
        for row in csv_reader:
            data_set.append(row)
    print("Loaded weather data from", (x[0:-4]).capitalize())
    print()
    return data_set

def avgDay(x, data_set):
    for line in data_set:
        if(len(x) == 5 and (x[3:5] + "-" + x[0:2]) in line[0]):
           print("The weather on", x, "was on average", line[2], "centigrade")

def main():
    data_set = loadFile(...)
    avgDay(..., data_set)

if __name__ == 'main':
    main()

Answer 2

您的 loadFile function 可以返回可以在 avgDay 中使用的数据集

import csv
import sys


def loadFile(x):

    data_set = []

    with open(x, "r") as readfile:
        csv_reader = csv.reader(readfile, delimiter= ';')
        for row in csv_reader:
            data_set.append(row)
    print("Loaded weather data from", (x[0:-4]).capitalize())
    print()

    return data_set

def avgDay(x):

    data_set = loadFile(x)

    for line in data_set:
        if(len(x) == 5 and (x[3:5] + "-" + x[0:2]) in line[0]):
           print("The weather on", x, "was on average", line[2], "centigrade")

Answer 3

仅当您使用 global 一词时才能设置 global vars

您可以访问全局变量而无需任何特殊

data_set = "global_var" #global

def print_global_data_set():
    print(data_set)

def set_global_data_set():
    global data_set # you need this line to tell python that you are going to set a global variable
    data_set = 'global_var_set_from_function'

def set_local_data_set():
    data_set = "local" # this will not set the global var but a local var so the global data_set stays unchanged

print(data_set) # outputs "global_var"
set_local_data_set()
print_global_data_set() # outputs "global_var" (set_local_data_set did not set the global var but a local var)
set_global_data_set()
print_global_data_set() # outputs "global_var_set_from_function"

Answer 4

函数可以有属性。 您可以将 data_set 设为 loadFile 的一个属性，然后在 avgDay 中引用它。

with open(x, "r") as readfile:

    csv_reader = csv.reader(readfile, delimiter= ';')

    for row in csv_reader:

        data_set.append(row)

    loadFile.data_set_attr = data_set

然后，在 avgDay 中，引用 loadFile.data_set_attr