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[英]Spring-Hibernate @Transactional service methods do not automatically commit
[英]Problem with transaction commit in @Transactional methods using Java Spring and Hibernate and EntityManager
我正在尝试使用 H2 数据库学习 Spring、Hibernate 来构建代码。 目前我有一些问题如何正确使用@Transactional 注释来自动启动事务并在例如entityManager.persist 成功或回滚时提交事务。
我的测试项目非常简单。 POJO class 是人,包含名字、姓氏和 email 地址。 有一个 Service class PersonSerice 是一个提供 CRUD 功能以添加、更改、读取和删除人员数据的接口。 有调用DAO class 方法的PersonServiceImpl。 这里是 PersonDAOImpl::createPerson 方法的示例代码
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
entityManager.persist(person);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
一切都按预期工作。 有一个 Hibernate SQL output
“休眠:调用 hibernate_sequence Hibernate 的下一个值:插入人(电子邮件,nachname,vorname,id)值(?,?,?,?)”
我想摆脱手动调用entityManager.getTransaction().commit(); 所以我尝试在调用DAO方法的ServiceImpl方法上写@Transactional
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
entityManager.persist(person);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
现在它不能正常工作。 我才明白。 " Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence " 数据库中写入了一些内容,但如果没有手动提交,我无法列出所有条目或删除它们。 所以我目前不知道出了什么问题以及如何让@Transactional 自动提交。 这里部分 entityManager 内容显示在 Eclipse 调试器中:
entityManager $Proxy26 (id=33) h ExtendedEntityManagerCreator$ExtendedEntityManagerInvocationHandler (id=116)
容器管理假
exceptionTranslator null jta false synchronizedWithTransaction false
目标 SessionImpl (id=122)
动作队列动作队列(id=306)
... autoJoinTransactions 真
...
我想我的主要问题可能在 xml 资源文件中,所以我想在这里展示它们。 这是我的 Beans.xlm (./src/main/resources/Beans.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="maven.springhibernateh2.basic"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"
value="${db.driverClassName}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${db.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${db.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${db.password}"></property>
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>database.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true"/>
</bean>
<!-- Definition des JpaTransactionManagers -->
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- Acitvation of @Transactional Annotation -->
<tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" id="entityManagerFactory">
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="roland.egger.maven.springhibernate" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<context:spring-configured />
<context:annotation-config />
</beans>
一条线可能是个问题。 "<tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager" />"
因为我的 pom.xml 中没有 aspectj 依赖项。 但是添加它们并没有改变任何东西,我不知道要让@Transactional 按预期工作需要什么。
现在是其他文件。
这是我的持久性。xml (./src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="roland.egger.maven.springhibernate" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<class>maven.springhibernateh2.basic.Person</class>
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" />
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
这是我的 pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>roland.egger</groupId>
<artifactId>maven.springhibernateh2.basic</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.4.15.Final</hibernate.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.h2database/h2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.200</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.javax.persistence/hibernate-jpa-2.1-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Fuer den RollingFileAppender -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>apache-log4j-extras</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
这里database.properties
db.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
db.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1
db.username=sa
db.password=
这里人.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="person")
public class Person {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name="id")
private int personId;
@Column(name = "vorname")
private String Vorname;
@Column(name = "nachname")
private String Nachname;
@Column(name = "email")
private String Emailadresse;
public int getPersonId() {
return personId;
}
public void setPersonId(int personId) {
this.personId = personId;
}
public String getVorname() {
return Vorname;
}
public void setVorname(String vorname) {
Vorname = vorname;
}
public String getNachname() {
return Nachname;
}
public void setNachname(String nachname) {
Nachname = nachname;
}
public String getEmailadresse() {
return Emailadresse;
}
public void setEmailadresse(String emailadresse) {
Emailadresse = emailadresse;
}
public String toString() {
return "Person [PersonId=" + personId + ", Vorname=" + Vorname + ", Nachname=" + Nachname + ", Emailadresse=" + Emailadresse + "]";
}
}
PersonService.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
public interface PersonService {
public abstract void addPerson(Person person);
public abstract Person fetchPersonById(int personId);
public abstract void deletePersonByID(int personId);
public abstract void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId);
public abstract List<Person> getAllPersonInfo();
}
PersonServiceImpl.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Component("personService")
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
@Autowired
private PersonDAO personDAO;
public void setPersonDAO(PersonDAO personDAO) {
this.personDAO = personDAO;
}
@Transactional
public void addPerson(Person person) {
personDAO.createPerson(person);
}
@Transactional
public Person fetchPersonById(int personId) {
return personDAO.getPersonById(personId);
}
@Transactional
public void deletePersonByID(int personId) {
personDAO.deletePersonByID(personId);
}
@Transactional
public void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId) {
personDAO.updatePersonEmailByID(newEmail, personId);
}
@Transactional
public List<Person> getAllPersonInfo() {
return personDAO.getAllPersonData();
}
}
PersonDAO.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
public interface PersonDAO {
public abstract void createPerson(Person person);
public abstract Person getPersonById(int personId);
public abstract void deletePersonByID(int personId);
public abstract void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId);
public abstract List<Person> getAllPersonData();
}
PersonDAOImpl.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceUnit;
import javax.persistence.TypedQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class PersonDAOImpl implements PersonDAO {
@PersistenceUnit(name = "roland.egger.maven.springhibernate")
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
private EntityManager entityManager;
public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {
this.entityManager = entityManager;
}
public EntityManagerFactory getEntityManagerFactory() {
return entityManagerFactory;
}
@PersistenceUnit
public void setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
this.entityManager = this.entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
}
public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return entityManager;
}
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.persist(person);
}
public Person getPersonById(int personId) {
Person person = entityManager.find(Person.class, personId);
return person;
}
public void deletePersonByID(int personId) {
Person person = getPersonById(personId);
if (person != null) {
//entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
entityManager.remove(person);
//entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
}
public void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId) {
Person person = getPersonById(personId);
if (person != null)
{
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
person.setEmailadresse(newEmail);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
}
public List<Person> getAllPersonData() {
CriteriaBuilder cb = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Person> cq = cb.createQuery(Person.class);
Root<Person> rootEntry = cq.from(Person.class);
CriteriaQuery<Person> all = cq.select(rootEntry);
TypedQuery<Person> allQuery = entityManager.createQuery(all);
return allQuery.getResultList();
}
}
请原谅我发布源代码,但我希望它可以帮助其他人了解我在做什么以及如何解决问题以使事务正常工作,而无需手动将它们写入代码。
当您使用 @PersistenceUnit 时,您需要创建/销毁 EntityManager 并手动管理事务。 如果要使用 spring @Transactional,则需要删除由 @PersistenceUnit 注释的 entityManagerFactory,而是在 entityManager 变量上使用 @PersistenceContext,如下所示。
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
原因是,当您使用 @PersistenceContext 时,您定义了一个容器托管 bean(这里是 spring 托管),因此您不需要显式提交/回滚您的事务,另一方面使用 @PersistenceUnit 您指定您想要处理交易。
更新:
与提到“当前线程没有可用的实际事务的实体管理器”的最新错误相关:
希望这可以帮助。
我试图回答 Ali Gelenkers 的建议,但评论很短,我看到,之后我遇到了 entityManager 的另一个问题。 感谢 Ali Gelenker,我被告知我的 PersonDAOImpl class 中的 @PersistenceUnit 及其设置器 function 会导致问题,应该使用 @PersistenceContext。 这是我的 PersonDaoImpl 新代码的一部分
@Repository
public class PersonDAOImpl implements PersonDAO {
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {
this.entityManager = entityManager;
}
public EntityManagerFactory getEntityManagerFactory() {
return entityManagerFactory;
}
public void setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
this.entityManager = this.entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
}
public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return entityManager;
}
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.persist(person);
}
...
现在既不调用 setter setEntityManagerFactory 也不调用 setter setEntityManager。 调用 entityManager.persist(person) 期间的 createPerson 方法出现问题。 entityManager 调用会引发以下异常:
" javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: No EntityManager with actual transaction available for current thread - cannot reliably process 'persist' call "
在此异常之前 entityManager 在 Eclipse 的调试器中显示以下内容:
entityManager $Proxy26 (id=40)
h SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler (id=47)
logger LogAdapter$Slf4jLocationAwareLog (id=51)
properties null
proxyClassLoader Launcher$AppClassLoader (id=55)
synchronizedWithTransaction true
targetFactory $Proxy23 (id=62)
完整的控制台 output 是:
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:44,953 | | | main | maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest - Programmanfang...
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:45,486 | | | main | org.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper - HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: roland.egger.maven.springhibernate]
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:45,532 | | | main | org.hibernate.Version - HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.4.15.Final
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:45,657 | | | main | org.hibernate.annotations.common.Version - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.0.Final}
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,193 | | | main | org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
Hibernate:
drop table if exists person CASCADE
Hibernate:
drop sequence if exists hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: create sequence hibernate_sequence start with 1 increment by 1
Hibernate:
create table person (
id integer not null,
email varchar(255),
nachname varchar(255),
vorname varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,877 | | | main | org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator - HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,884 | | | main | org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'roland.egger.maven.springhibernate'
ERROR | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,987 | | | main | maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest - javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: No EntityManager with actual transaction available for current thread - cannot reliably process 'persist' call
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,987 | | | main | maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest - Programmende...
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,988 | | | main | org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'roland.egger.maven.springhibernate'
需要什么才能使 entityManager 可用于当前线程?
更新:感谢 Ali Gelenkers 的更新建议,我得到了它的工作:) 对于我的测试项目,我选择了没有 aspectj 的最简单的解决方案。 这是我的 Beans.xml 的更改部分:...
<!-- <tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
...
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true"/>
现在一切正常,无需手动事务调用。 非常感谢:)
更新 2上面的代码正在运行,我可以在 Eclipse 和 mvn exec (mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest") 中运行它。 不幸的是,我无法构建一个可执行的 jar 来运行它。 Please see: problem creating an executable jar with maven using spring 5 and hibernate 5 => BeanDefinitionParsingException I guess that the pom.xml has a problem. 我会很高兴有任何建议。
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