![](/img/trans.png)
[英]Spring-Hibernate @Transactional service methods do not automatically commit
[英]Problem with transaction commit in @Transactional methods using Java Spring and Hibernate and EntityManager
我正在嘗試使用 H2 數據庫學習 Spring、Hibernate 來構建代碼。 目前我有一些問題如何正確使用@Transactional 注釋來自動啟動事務並在例如entityManager.persist 成功或回滾時提交事務。
我的測試項目非常簡單。 POJO class 是人,包含名字、姓氏和 email 地址。 有一個 Service class PersonSerice 是一個提供 CRUD 功能以添加、更改、讀取和刪除人員數據的接口。 有調用DAO class 方法的PersonServiceImpl。 這里是 PersonDAOImpl::createPerson 方法的示例代碼
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
entityManager.persist(person);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
一切都按預期工作。 有一個 Hibernate SQL output
“休眠:調用 hibernate_sequence Hibernate 的下一個值:插入人(電子郵件,nachname,vorname,id)值(?,?,?,?)”
我想擺脫手動調用entityManager.getTransaction().commit(); 所以我嘗試在調用DAO方法的ServiceImpl方法上寫@Transactional
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
entityManager.persist(person);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
現在它不能正常工作。 我才明白。 " Hibernate: call next value for hibernate_sequence " 數據庫中寫入了一些內容,但如果沒有手動提交,我無法列出所有條目或刪除它們。 所以我目前不知道出了什么問題以及如何讓@Transactional 自動提交。 這里部分 entityManager 內容顯示在 Eclipse 調試器中:
entityManager $Proxy26 (id=33) h ExtendedEntityManagerCreator$ExtendedEntityManagerInvocationHandler (id=116)
容器管理假
exceptionTranslator null jta false synchronizedWithTransaction false
目標 SessionImpl (id=122)
動作隊列動作隊列(id=306)
... autoJoinTransactions 真
...
我想我的主要問題可能在 xml 資源文件中,所以我想在這里展示它們。 這是我的 Beans.xlm (./src/main/resources/Beans.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="maven.springhibernateh2.basic"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"
value="${db.driverClassName}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${db.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${db.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${db.password}"></property>
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>database.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true"/>
</bean>
<!-- Definition des JpaTransactionManagers -->
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- Acitvation of @Transactional Annotation -->
<tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" id="entityManagerFactory">
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="roland.egger.maven.springhibernate" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<context:spring-configured />
<context:annotation-config />
</beans>
一條線可能是個問題。 "<tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager" />"
因為我的 pom.xml 中沒有 aspectj 依賴項。 但是添加它們並沒有改變任何東西,我不知道要讓@Transactional 按預期工作需要什么。
現在是其他文件。
這是我的持久性。xml (./src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="roland.egger.maven.springhibernate" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<class>maven.springhibernateh2.basic.Person</class>
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" />
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
這是我的 pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>roland.egger</groupId>
<artifactId>maven.springhibernateh2.basic</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.4.15.Final</hibernate.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.h2database/h2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.200</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.javax.persistence/hibernate-jpa-2.1-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Fuer den RollingFileAppender -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>apache-log4j-extras</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
這里database.properties
db.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
db.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1
db.username=sa
db.password=
這里人.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="person")
public class Person {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name="id")
private int personId;
@Column(name = "vorname")
private String Vorname;
@Column(name = "nachname")
private String Nachname;
@Column(name = "email")
private String Emailadresse;
public int getPersonId() {
return personId;
}
public void setPersonId(int personId) {
this.personId = personId;
}
public String getVorname() {
return Vorname;
}
public void setVorname(String vorname) {
Vorname = vorname;
}
public String getNachname() {
return Nachname;
}
public void setNachname(String nachname) {
Nachname = nachname;
}
public String getEmailadresse() {
return Emailadresse;
}
public void setEmailadresse(String emailadresse) {
Emailadresse = emailadresse;
}
public String toString() {
return "Person [PersonId=" + personId + ", Vorname=" + Vorname + ", Nachname=" + Nachname + ", Emailadresse=" + Emailadresse + "]";
}
}
PersonService.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
public interface PersonService {
public abstract void addPerson(Person person);
public abstract Person fetchPersonById(int personId);
public abstract void deletePersonByID(int personId);
public abstract void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId);
public abstract List<Person> getAllPersonInfo();
}
PersonServiceImpl.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Component("personService")
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
@Autowired
private PersonDAO personDAO;
public void setPersonDAO(PersonDAO personDAO) {
this.personDAO = personDAO;
}
@Transactional
public void addPerson(Person person) {
personDAO.createPerson(person);
}
@Transactional
public Person fetchPersonById(int personId) {
return personDAO.getPersonById(personId);
}
@Transactional
public void deletePersonByID(int personId) {
personDAO.deletePersonByID(personId);
}
@Transactional
public void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId) {
personDAO.updatePersonEmailByID(newEmail, personId);
}
@Transactional
public List<Person> getAllPersonInfo() {
return personDAO.getAllPersonData();
}
}
PersonDAO.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
public interface PersonDAO {
public abstract void createPerson(Person person);
public abstract Person getPersonById(int personId);
public abstract void deletePersonByID(int personId);
public abstract void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId);
public abstract List<Person> getAllPersonData();
}
PersonDAOImpl.java
package maven.springhibernateh2.basic;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceUnit;
import javax.persistence.TypedQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class PersonDAOImpl implements PersonDAO {
@PersistenceUnit(name = "roland.egger.maven.springhibernate")
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
private EntityManager entityManager;
public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {
this.entityManager = entityManager;
}
public EntityManagerFactory getEntityManagerFactory() {
return entityManagerFactory;
}
@PersistenceUnit
public void setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
this.entityManager = this.entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
}
public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return entityManager;
}
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.persist(person);
}
public Person getPersonById(int personId) {
Person person = entityManager.find(Person.class, personId);
return person;
}
public void deletePersonByID(int personId) {
Person person = getPersonById(personId);
if (person != null) {
//entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
entityManager.remove(person);
//entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
}
public void updatePersonEmailByID(String newEmail, int personId) {
Person person = getPersonById(personId);
if (person != null)
{
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
person.setEmailadresse(newEmail);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
}
public List<Person> getAllPersonData() {
CriteriaBuilder cb = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Person> cq = cb.createQuery(Person.class);
Root<Person> rootEntry = cq.from(Person.class);
CriteriaQuery<Person> all = cq.select(rootEntry);
TypedQuery<Person> allQuery = entityManager.createQuery(all);
return allQuery.getResultList();
}
}
請原諒我發布源代碼,但我希望它可以幫助其他人了解我在做什么以及如何解決問題以使事務正常工作,而無需手動將它們寫入代碼。
當您使用 @PersistenceUnit 時,您需要創建/銷毀 EntityManager 並手動管理事務。 如果要使用 spring @Transactional,則需要刪除由 @PersistenceUnit 注釋的 entityManagerFactory,而是在 entityManager 變量上使用 @PersistenceContext,如下所示。
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
原因是,當您使用 @PersistenceContext 時,您定義了一個容器托管 bean(這里是 spring 托管),因此您不需要顯式提交/回滾您的事務,另一方面使用 @PersistenceUnit 您指定您想要處理交易。
更新:
與提到“當前線程沒有可用的實際事務的實體管理器”的最新錯誤相關:
希望這可以幫助。
我試圖回答 Ali Gelenkers 的建議,但評論很短,我看到,之后我遇到了 entityManager 的另一個問題。 感謝 Ali Gelenker,我被告知我的 PersonDAOImpl class 中的 @PersistenceUnit 及其設置器 function 會導致問題,應該使用 @PersistenceContext。 這是我的 PersonDaoImpl 新代碼的一部分
@Repository
public class PersonDAOImpl implements PersonDAO {
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {
this.entityManager = entityManager;
}
public EntityManagerFactory getEntityManagerFactory() {
return entityManagerFactory;
}
public void setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
this.entityManager = this.entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
}
public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return entityManager;
}
public void createPerson(Person person) {
entityManager.persist(person);
}
...
現在既不調用 setter setEntityManagerFactory 也不調用 setter setEntityManager。 調用 entityManager.persist(person) 期間的 createPerson 方法出現問題。 entityManager 調用會引發以下異常:
" javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: No EntityManager with actual transaction available for current thread - cannot reliably process 'persist' call "
在此異常之前 entityManager 在 Eclipse 的調試器中顯示以下內容:
entityManager $Proxy26 (id=40)
h SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler (id=47)
logger LogAdapter$Slf4jLocationAwareLog (id=51)
properties null
proxyClassLoader Launcher$AppClassLoader (id=55)
synchronizedWithTransaction true
targetFactory $Proxy23 (id=62)
完整的控制台 output 是:
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:44,953 | | | main | maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest - Programmanfang...
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:45,486 | | | main | org.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper - HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: roland.egger.maven.springhibernate]
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:45,532 | | | main | org.hibernate.Version - HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.4.15.Final
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:45,657 | | | main | org.hibernate.annotations.common.Version - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.0.Final}
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,193 | | | main | org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
Hibernate:
drop table if exists person CASCADE
Hibernate:
drop sequence if exists hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: create sequence hibernate_sequence start with 1 increment by 1
Hibernate:
create table person (
id integer not null,
email varchar(255),
nachname varchar(255),
vorname varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,877 | | | main | org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator - HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,884 | | | main | org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'roland.egger.maven.springhibernate'
ERROR | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,987 | | | main | maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest - javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: No EntityManager with actual transaction available for current thread - cannot reliably process 'persist' call
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,987 | | | main | maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest - Programmende...
INFO | 2020-05-09 22:44:46,988 | | | main | org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'roland.egger.maven.springhibernate'
需要什么才能使 entityManager 可用於當前線程?
更新:感謝 Ali Gelenkers 的更新建議,我得到了它的工作:) 對於我的測試項目,我選擇了沒有 aspectj 的最簡單的解決方案。 這是我的 Beans.xml 的更改部分:...
<!-- <tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj" transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
...
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true"/>
現在一切正常,無需手動事務調用。 非常感謝:)
更新 2上面的代碼正在運行,我可以在 Eclipse 和 mvn exec (mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="maven.springhibernateh2.basic.CRUDTest") 中運行它。 不幸的是,我無法構建一個可執行的 jar 來運行它。 Please see: problem creating an executable jar with maven using spring 5 and hibernate 5 => BeanDefinitionParsingException I guess that the pom.xml has a problem. 我會很高興有任何建議。
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