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Python 装饰器 function 包装器中的参数

[英]parameters in Python decorator function wrapper

对装饰器来说相当新,这被认为是糟糕的代码吗? 如果是,什么是好的替代品?

import functools
def error_handaler_decorator(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(error_message_for_wrapper = None, cont = True, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        except:
            if error_message_for_wraper != None:
                # Report error to user in application specific way
            if cont == True:
                return True

@error_handaler_decorator
def some_func(input_for_func):
    # Do a thing.

@error_handaler_decorator
def some_func_in_a_class(self,input):
    # Do another thing.

some_func(error_message_for_wrapper = something bad happened, input_for_func = some_input)

some_class.some_func_in_a_class(error_message_for_wrapper = something bad happened, cont = False, input_for_func = some_input)

这意味着当我调用修饰的 function 时,我必须传递包装器变量,而且我认为我不能传递args ,只能传递kwargs ,但它允许我根据传递给 function 的内容来定义错误消息,而不是当我定义 function 时。

该代码有效,(至少与我测试过的一样多),但我的 IDE(Visual Studio 代码)非常生气,说:

方法调用中出现意外的关键字参数“error_message_for_wrapper”

我真的很想清理我的代码,我看到的替代方法是try: except:with: try: except:使我的代码混乱,(至少主观上)。

With. 更好,但我宁愿将我的装饰器作为函数,它对项目更有效。

我不认为我可以with function。

好的,这将取决于我相信您使用的 Python 版本。 在 python 3 你可以这样做:

def error_handler_decorator(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, error_message_for_wrapper = None, cont = True, **kwargs):
        try:
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        except:
            if error_message_for_wrapper is not None:
                # Report error to user in application specific way
            if cont:
                return True
    return wrapper

在 python 2(但也适用于 python 3)中,您可以使用:

def error_handler_decorator(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        error_message_for_wrapper = kwargs.pop('error_message_for_wrapper', None)
        cont = kwargs.pop('cont', False)
        try:
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        except:
            if error_message_for_wrapper is not None:
                # Report error to user in application specific way
            if cont:
                return True
    return wrapper

这可能是您应该使用上下文管理器而不是装饰器的情况。

from contextlib import contextmanager


@contextmanager
def handler(msg=None, cont=True):
    try:
        yield
    except Exception:
        if msg is not None:
            print(msg)
        if not cont:
            reraise


with handler("Don't divide by zero!"):
    3/0

print("OK")

将 output

Don't divide by zero!
OK

如果您在调用handler时设置cont=False ,您将看到Don't divide by zero ,但随后作为重新引发的异常的回溯会阻止打印OK


循环往复, contextlib还提供了一种将上下文管理器用作装饰器的方法。 但是,您必须在没有contextmanager帮助的情况下定义上下文管理器。

from contextlib import ContextDecorator


class handler(ContextDecorator):
    def __init__(self, msg=None, cont=True):
        self.msg = msg
        self.cont = cont

    # ContextDecorator doesn't provide default definitions,
    # so we have to provide something, even it doesn't really
    # do anything.
    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
        if exc_value is not None and self.msg is not None:
            print(self.msg)

        # Returning true suppresses any exception
        # that may have been raised in the context. Returning false
        # means the exception is raised as usual.
        return self.cont


# Scolds you, but returns None
@handler("Don't divide by zero")
def some_func(x):
    return 3/x

# Scolds you *and* raises the exception
@handler("Don't divide by zero", cont=False)
def some_other_func(x):
    return 3/x

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