[英]Send dictionary in python socket
我想通过 python 套接字发送字典。
我尝试对发送数据进行编码,然后在接收点进行编码
但是无法转换的接收数据存在问题并且无法转换为字典。
这是我的代码:
client.py
客户端.py :
HEADER_LENGTH = 512
IP = "127.0.0.1"
PORT = 963
my_username = input("Username: ")
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client_socket.connect((IP, PORT))
client_socket.setblocking(False)
username = my_username.encode('utf-8')
username_header = f"{len(username):<{HEADER_LENGTH}}".encode('utf-8')
client_socket.send(username_header + username)
while True:
message = input(f"{my_username} > ")
if message:
message = message.encode('utf-8')
message_header = f"{len(message)}:<{HEADER_LENGTH}".encode('utf-8')
# {'header': {message_header}, 'data': {message}}
send_dict = {} # 'header': message_header, 'data': message
send_dict["header"] = str(message_header)
send_dict["data"] = str(message)
client_socket.send(json.dumps(send_dict).encode('utf-8')) # message_header + message
try:
while True:
# Receive ...
username_header = client_socket.recv(HEADER_LENGTH)
if not len(username_header):
print("Connection closed by the server")
sys.exit()
username_length = int(username_header.decode('utf-8').strip())
username = client_socket.recv(username_length).decode(('utf-8'))
message_header = client_socket.recv(HEADER_LENGTH)
message_length = int(message_header.decode('utf-8').strip())
message = client_socket.recv(message_length).decode(('utf-8'))
print(f"{username} > {message}")
except IOError as e:
if e.errno != errno.EAGAIN and e.errno != errno.EWOULDBLOCK:
print('Reading error', str(e))
sys.exit()
continue
except Exception as e:
print('General error', str(e))
sys.exit()
Class server.py
:
HEADER_LENGTH = 512
IP = "127.0.0.1"
PORT = 963
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
server_socket.bind((IP, PORT))
server_socket.listen()
socket_list = [server_socket]
clients = {}
def receive_message(client_socket):
# print(f"client socket: {client_socket}")
# try:
message_header = client_socket.recv(HEADER_LENGTH)
if not len(message_header):
print("return from receive message /condition/")
return False
print(f"message header: {type(message_header)}")
print(f"message header: {message_header}")
print(f"message header decode : {type(message_header.decode('utf-8').strip())}")
message_header_dict = message_header.decode('utf-8').strip()
# print(f"message header replaced : {message_header}")
print(f"message header replaced : {type(message_header_dict)}")
print(f"message header replaced : {message_header_dict}")
# print("message header header : " + message_header_dict['header'].decode('utf-8').strip())
json_message_header = json.loads(message_header_dict)
print(f"message header replaced : {json_message_header}")
print(f"message header replaced : {json_message_header['data']}") # Error line
message_length = int(message_header.decode("utf-8").strip())
return {"header": message_header, "data": client_socket.recv(message_length)}
# except:
# print("return from receive message /except/")
# return False
while True:
read_sockets, _, exception_sockets = select.select(socket_list, [], socket_list)
for notified_socket in read_sockets:
if notified_socket == server_socket:
client_socket, client_address = server_socket.accept()
user = receive_message(client_socket)
if user == False:
continue
socket_list.append(client_socket)
clients[client_socket] = user
print(
f"Accept new connection from {client_address[0]}:{client_address[1]} username:{user['data'].decode('utf-8')}")
else:
message = receive_message(notified_socket)
if message == False:
print(f"close connection from: {clients[notified_socket]['data'].decode('utf-8')}")
socket_list.remove(notified_socket)
del clients[notified_socket]
continue
user = clients[notified_socket]
print(f"Received message from: {user['data'].decode('utf-8')}: {message['data'].decode('utf-8')}")
for client_socket in clients:
if client_socket != notified_socket:
client_socket.send(user['header'] + user['data'] + message['header'] + message['data'])
for notified_socket in exception_sockets:
socket_list.remove(notified_socket)
del clients[notified_socket]
您的客户发送 JSON。 然后,您的服务器读取整个 JSON 消息并尝试将其解释为 integer。 繁荣。
您基本上有 3 个选项来传输完整消息: 发送字节并假设您收到了整个消息,而不再从单次读取中接收(最不可靠); 使用分隔符(例如,CRLF)并确保它不出现在消息中(受限数据流); 或发送一个字节数,后跟消息字节(长度+数据,最可靠)。 看起来你已经混合了第一种和第三种方法,这基本上是行不通的。
要使用长度+数据将 dict 序列化为 JSON 进行传输,首先对 dict 进行 JSON 编码,然后对结果字符串进行 UTF8 编码以获取消息字节。 从这一点开始,直到服务器反序列化消息,代码都在使用字节。
要发送长度+数据, struct
模块是您的朋友。 定义打包/解包说明符(基本上,选定大小的 integer 加上字节串)。 例如, "!Hs"
将支持高达 64K 的消息字节串。
在客户端...
struct.pack
创建二进制消息 (<length-header><message-bytes>)。socket.sendall
发送二进制消息(发送消息可能需要多次send
调用,而sendall
会为您处理)。在服务器...
socket.recv
仅接收 header 字节(例如,4 或 8 字节)。struct.unpack
解压字节数。socket.recv
仅接收消息字节(即byte_count字节)您可以使用 pickle 或其更快的版本 cPickle 来序列化数据和反序列化数据。
import pickle
# for serializing data
pickle.dumps(data_to_serialized)
# for deserializing
pickle.loads(data_to_be_deserialized)
下面是示例 function 用于使用 pickle 进行序列化发送和接收数据:
def send_data(conn, data):
serialized_data = pickle.dumps(data)
conn.sendall(struct.pack('>I', len(serialized_data)))
conn.sendall(serialized_data)
def receive_data(conn):
data_size = struct.unpack('>I', conn.recv(4))[0]
received_payload = b""
reamining_payload_size = data_size
while reamining_payload_size != 0:
received_payload += conn.recv(reamining_payload_size)
reamining_payload_size = data_size - len(received_payload)
data = pickle.loads(received_payload)
return data
您可以在https://github.com/vijendra1125/Python-Socket-Programming.git找到示例程序
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