如何在不使用 Django Rest 框架的情况下 output 的外键值

Question

我对 Django 发布的 Json 值有疑问。 在我从 views.py 序列化我的 object 后，用户输出主键的 id 而不是主键的值。 我在 models.py 中尝试了自然键技术。 如何获取值 output 而不是 id？

视图.py

def load_post(request):
    serials = serialize('json', Post.objects.all().order_by(
        "-id"))
    return JsonResponse(serials, safe=False)

模型.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models

#Natural Key technique 
class UserManager(models.Manager):
    def get_by_natural_key(self, username):
        return self.get(username=username)


class User(AbstractUser):
    objects = UserManager()


class Post(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(
        'User', on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='user')
    post = models.TextField(max_length=280, blank=True)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    likes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return f"id: {self.id}, username: {self.user}, post: {self.post}, datetime: {self.timestamp}, likes: {self.likes}"

Json output

[
   {
      "model":"network.post",
      "pk":3,
      "fields":{
         "user":1, #This should be a username
         "post":"afefawfawefawf",
         "timestamp":"2020-08-07T14:38:54.444Z",
         "likes":0
      }
   },
   {
      "model":"network.post",
      "pk":2,
      "fields":{
         "user":1, #This should be a username
         "post":"afefawfawefawf",
         "timestamp":"2020-08-07T14:38:18.687Z",
         "likes":0
      }
   },
   {
      "model":"network.post",
      "pk":1,
      "fields":{
         "user":2, #This should be a username
         "post":"sfoawefoawemfowf",
         "timestamp":"2020-08-07T14:28:09.784Z",
         "likes":0
      }
   }
]

Answer 1

如果您希望通过内置 Django 序列化程序将自然键设为 output，则需要另外两件事：

• 在User model 上实现natural_key()方法
• 将use_natural_foreign_keys=True添加到对serialize()的调用

该过程在此处的 Django 文档中进行了描述： https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/serialization/#serialization-of-natural-keys

在你的情况下：

模型.py

...

class User(AbstractUser):
    objects = UserManager()
    
    def natural_key(self):
        return self.username

...

视图.py

def load_post(request):
    serials = serialize('json', Post.objects.all().order_by("-id"), use_natural_foreign_keys=True)
    return JsonResponse(serials, safe=False)

get_by_natural_key()方法不用于序列化，但需要反序列化包含自然键的数据。