R 中 Y 轴上带有两个变量的 bin 频率分布直方图

Question

我得到了这个数据框，它同时是一个频率分布，并被赋予了绘制整个人口年龄分布的直方图的任务，并将男性和女性的轮廓添加到图中。 我需要实现的是像这样的直方图，例如：男性和女性轮廓重叠的双变量频率条形图，但在 x 轴上有 AgeClasses。 这是我的代码：

AgeClasses <- c('0-9','10-19','20-29','30-39','40-49', '50-59', '60-69','70-79','80-89', '90-99')
Frequencies <- c(1000,900,800,700,600,500,400,300,200,100)
SexRatioFM <- c(0.4,0.42,0.44,0.48,0.52,0.54,0.55,0.58,0.6,0.65)
df$Females <- c(SexRatioFM*Frequencies)
df$Males <- c(Frequencies-Females)

library(ggplot2)


ggplot(df) +
    geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = AgeClasses, y = Females), stat = "identity")

我非常感谢您帮助解决此任务。

Answer 1

这种类型的图是堆积条形图。 为了使用 ggplot2 最轻松地生成它，您需要将数据转换为长格式，以便一列包含男性和女性的所有计数，另一列包含一个带有标签“男性”和“女性”的因子变量。 您可以使用tidyr::pivot_longer执行此操作：

library(ggplot2)
library(tidyr)

pivot_longer(df, cols = c(Females, Males)) %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_col(mapping = aes(x = AgeClasses, y = value, fill = name)) +
  labs(x = "Age", y = "Count", fill = "Gender")

Answer 2

试试下面的代码：

AgeClasses <- c('0-9','10-19','20-29','30-39','40-49', '50-59', '60-69','70-79','80-89', '90-99')
Frequencies <- c(1000,900,800,700,600,500,400,300,200,100)
SexRatioFM <- c(0.4,0.42,0.44,0.48,0.52,0.54,0.55,0.58,0.6,0.65)
Females <- SexRatioFM*Frequencies
Males <- Frequencies-Females
df <- data.frame(AgeClasses=AgeClasses, Females=Females, Males=Males)
df <- reshape2::melt(df, id.vars = 'AgeClasses')
library(ggplot2)


ggplot(df) +
  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = AgeClasses, y = value, fill=variable), stat = "identity")

Answer 3

Allan 是对的，但要在情节中制作一个，您需要将条形叠加而不是堆叠。 我是这样做的：

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
AgeClasses <- c('0-9','10-19','20-29','30-39','40-49', '50-59', '60-69','70-79','80-89', '90-99')
Frequencies <- c(1000,900,800,700,600,500,400,300,200,100)
SexRatioFM <- c(0.4,0.42,0.44,0.48,0.52,0.54,0.55,0.58,0.6,0.65)
df <- tibble(
Females = c(SexRatioFM*Frequencies),
Males = c(Frequencies-Females), 
AgeClasses = AgeClasses, 
Frequencies=Frequencies, 
SexRatioFM = SexRatioFM)

df %>% select(AgeClasses, Males, Females) %>% 
  tidyr::pivot_longer(cols=c(Males, Females), names_to = "gender", values_to="val") %>% 
ggplot() +
  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = AgeClasses, y=val, fill=gender, alpha=gender), stat="identity", position="identity") + 
  scale_alpha_manual(values=c(.5, .4))

Answer 4

您需要修改创建示例数据框的方式。 这是一种方法：

df <- data.frame(
  AgeClasses = c('0-9','10-19','20-29','30-39','40-49', '50-59', '60-69','70-79','80-89', '90-99'),
  Frequencies = c(1000,900,800,700,600,500,400,300,200,100),
  SexRatioFM = c(0.4,0.42,0.44,0.48,0.52,0.54,0.55,0.58,0.6,0.65))

df$Females = df$SexRatioFM*df$Frequencies
df$Males = df$Frequencies-df$Females 

library(ggplot2)

ggplot(df) +
  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = AgeClasses, y = Females), fill="purple", stat = "identity", alpha=.8) +
  geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = AgeClasses, y = Males), fill="navy blue", stat = "identity", alpha=.4)

你应该得到这样的东西：