使用 jq 根据另一个键名更新 json 的键

Question

我有以下JSON文件，需要更换tbd-与premium-在任务的值当且仅当由被german和任务的价值开始与tbd-

{
    "vehicle": {
        "maintenance": [
            {
                "parts": "wheel",
                "size": ["one", "two"]
            },
            {
                "task": "tbd-service-oil",
                "car": {
                    "german": {
                        "audi": ["Synthetic"]
                    }
                },
                "some": ["other"]
            },
            {
                "task": "service-oil",
                "honda": {
                    "japan": {
                        "oil": ["regular"]
                    }
                }
            }
        ],
        "repair": [
            {
                "parts": "wheel",
                "size": ["one", "two"]
            },
            {
                "task": "tbd-engine-repair",
                "car": {
                    "german": {
                        "engine": ["6-cyl"]
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "task": "engine-repair",
                "car": {
                    "german": {
                        "engine": ["4-cyl"]
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
        
    }
}

需要将上面的 json 文件更新为：

{
    "vehicle": {
        "maintenance": [
            {
                "parts": "wheel",
                "size": ["one", "two"]
            },
            {
                "task": "premium-service-oil", ## update this b'cos there is "german" under "car" and task's value had prefix "tbd-"
                "car": {
                    "german": {
                        "audi": ["Synthetic"]
                    }
                },
                "some": ["other"]
            },
            {
                "task": "service-oil",
                "honda": {
                    "japan": {
                        "oil": ["regular"]
                    }
                }
            }
        ],
        "repair": [
            {
                "parts": "wheel",
                "size": ["one", "two"]
            },
            {
                "task": "premium-engine-repair", ## update this b'cos there is "german" under "car" and task's value had prefix "tbd-"
                "car": {
                    "german": {
                        "engine": ["6-cyl"]
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "task": "engine-repair", ### no need to update this as it don't have "tbd-" as prefix
                "car": {
                    "german": {
                        "engine": ["4-cyl"]
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
        
    }
}

到目前为止，我尝试使用german作为键名获取所有键，但我没有成功

jq -c 'to_entries[] | select (.key.maintenance.car == "german") | [.key]' json
jq: error (at json:50): Cannot index string with string "maintenance"

我可以使用类似的命令查询匹配wheel的parts

$ jq -c 'to_entries[] | select (.value.maintenance[0].parts == "wheel") | [.key]'  json
["vehicle"]

更新：

我可以跳过检查键是否有tbd- ，我可以去更新所有的键名而不管前缀。

Answer 1

这是使用walk的解决方案。 如果由于某种原因您想要一个更有针对性的解决方案（例如，一个不使用walk解决方案），那么相应地修改它应该很容易。

walk( if type=="object" and .task and (.task|startswith("tbd-")) and
         any(.[]; type=="object" and has("german"))
      then .task|=sub("tbd-"; "premium-")
      else . end )

Answer 2

如果您没有 jq 1.6 ，它有 walk/1 ，请在 def walk 前面加上：

jq '
# Apply f to composite entities recursively, and to atoms
    def walk(f):
    . as $in
    | if type == "object" then
        reduce keys[] as $key
            ( {}; . + { ($key):  ($in[$key] | walk(f)) } ) | f
    elif type == "array" then map( walk(f) ) | f
    else f
    end;
  walk( if type=="object" and .task and (.task|startswith("tbd-")) and any(.[]; type=="object" and has("german")) then .task|=sub("tbd-"; "premium-") else . end )
' filename

来源： https : //github.com/stedolan/jq/issues/963#issuecomment-152783116