[英]OpenCV Finding square center c++
首先,我是 OpenCV 的完全新手,并且是 C++ 代码的初学者/合理的。 但是 OpenCV 对我来说是新的,我尝试通过做项目和东西来学习。
现在,对于我的新项目,我试图在图片中找到正方形的中心。 就我而言,图片中只有 1 个正方形。 我想进一步构建 OpenCV 的 square.cpp 示例。
对于我的项目,有两件事我需要帮助,
1:检测到窗口边缘为正方形,我不想要这个。 例子
2:我怎样才能从正方形数组中得到 1 个正方形的中心?
这是示例“square.cpp”中的代码
// The "Square Detector" program.
// It loads several images sequentially and tries to find squares in
// each image
#include "opencv2/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
static void help(const char* programName)
{
cout <<
"\nA program using pyramid scaling, Canny, contours and contour simplification\n"
"to find squares in a list of images (pic1-6.png)\n"
"Returns sequence of squares detected on the image.\n"
"Call:\n"
"./" << programName << " [file_name (optional)]\n"
"Using OpenCV version " << CV_VERSION << "\n" << endl;
}
int thresh = 50, N = 11;
const char* wndname = "Square Detection Demo";
// helper function:
// finds a cosine of angle between vectors
// from pt0->pt1 and from pt0->pt2
static double angle(Point pt1, Point pt2, Point pt0)
{
double dx1 = pt1.x - pt0.x;
double dy1 = pt1.y - pt0.y;
double dx2 = pt2.x - pt0.x;
double dy2 = pt2.y - pt0.y;
return (dx1 * dx2 + dy1 * dy2) / sqrt((dx1 * dx1 + dy1 * dy1) * (dx2 * dx2 + dy2 * dy2) + 1e-10);
}
// returns sequence of squares detected on the image.
static void findSquares(const Mat& image, vector<vector<Point> >& squares)
{
squares.clear();
Mat pyr, timg, gray0(image.size(), CV_8U), gray;
// down-scale and upscale the image to filter out the noise
pyrDown(image, pyr, Size(image.cols / 2, image.rows / 2));
pyrUp(pyr, timg, image.size());
vector<vector<Point> > contours;
// find squares in every color plane of the image
for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++)
{
int ch[] = { c, 0 };
mixChannels(&timg, 1, &gray0, 1, ch, 1);
// try several threshold levels
for (int l = 0; l < N; l++)
{
// hack: use Canny instead of zero threshold level.
// Canny helps to catch squares with gradient shading
if (l == 0)
{
// apply Canny. Take the upper threshold from slider
// and set the lower to 0 (which forces edges merging)
Canny(gray0, gray, 0, thresh, 5);
// dilate canny output to remove potential
// holes between edge segments
dilate(gray, gray, Mat(), Point(-1, -1));
}
else
{
// apply threshold if l!=0:
// tgray(x,y) = gray(x,y) < (l+1)*255/N ? 255 : 0
gray = gray0 >= (l + 1) * 255 / N;
}
// find contours and store them all as a list
findContours(gray, contours, RETR_LIST, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
vector<Point> approx;
// test each contour
for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
{
// approximate contour with accuracy proportional
// to the contour perimeter
approxPolyDP(contours[i], approx, arcLength(contours[i], true) * 0.02, true);
// square contours should have 4 vertices after approximation
// relatively large area (to filter out noisy contours)
// and be convex.
// Note: absolute value of an area is used because
// area may be positive or negative - in accordance with the
// contour orientation
if (approx.size() == 4 &&
fabs(contourArea(approx)) > 1000 &&
isContourConvex(approx))
{
double maxCosine = 0;
for (int j = 2; j < 5; j++)
{
// find the maximum cosine of the angle between joint edges
double cosine = fabs(angle(approx[j % 4], approx[j - 2], approx[j - 1]));
maxCosine = MAX(maxCosine, cosine);
}
// if cosines of all angles are small
// (all angles are ~90 degree) then write quandrange
// vertices to resultant sequence
if (maxCosine < 0.3)
squares.push_back(approx);
}
}
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
static const char* names[] = { "testimg.jpg", 0 };
help(argv[0]);
if (argc > 1)
{
names[0] = argv[1];
names[1] = "0";
}
for (int i = 0; names[i] != 0; i++)
{
string filename = samples::findFile(names[i]);
Mat image = imread(filename, IMREAD_COLOR);
if (image.empty())
{
cout << "Couldn't load " << filename << endl;
continue;
}
vector<vector<Point> > squares;
findSquares(image, squares);
polylines(image, squares, true, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3, LINE_AA);
imshow(wndname, image);
int c = waitKey();
if (c == 27)
break;
}
return 0;
}
我需要一些帮助才能开始。 我如何从称为“正方形”的数组中的 1 个正方形中获取一些信息(我很难理解数组中的确切内容;它是一个点数组吗?)
如果有不清楚的地方,请告诉我,我会尝试重新解释。
先感谢您
首先,您在谈论正方形,但实际上是在检测矩形。 我提供了一个较短的代码,以便能够更好地回答您的问题。
我阅读了图像,应用 Canny 过滤器进行二值化并检测所有轮廓。 之后,我遍历轮廓并找到那些可以精确地由四个点近似并且是凸的:
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
// Reading the images
cv::Mat img = cv::imread("squares_image.jpg", cv::IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
cv::Mat edge_img;
std::vector <std::vector<cv::Point>> contours;
// Convert the image into a binary image using Canny filter - threshold could be automatically determined using OTSU method
cv::Canny(img, edge_img, 30, 100);
// Find all contours in the Canny image
findContours(edge_img, contours, cv::RETR_LIST, cv::CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
// Iterate through the contours and test if contours are square
std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> all_rectangles;
std::vector<cv::Point> single_rectangle;
for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
{
// 1. Contours should be approximateable as a polygon
approxPolyDP(contours[i], single_rectangle, arcLength(contours[i], true) * 0.01, true);
// 2. Contours should have exactly 4 vertices and be convex
if (single_rectangle.size() == 4 && cv::isContourConvex(single_rectangle))
{
// 3. Determine if the polygon is really a square/rectangle using its properties (parallelity, angles etc.)
// Not necessary for the provided image
// Push the four points into your vector of squares (could be also std::vector<cv::Rect>)
all_rectangles.push_back(single_rectangle);
}
}
for (size_t num_contour = 0; num_contour < all_rectangles.size(); ++num_contour) {
cv::drawContours(img, all_rectangles, num_contour, cv::Scalar::all(-1));
}
cv::imshow("Detected rectangles", img);
cv::waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
1:检测到窗口边缘为正方形,我不想要这个。
根据您的应用程序,有多种选择。 您可以使用 Canny 阈值过滤外部边界,使用不同的轮廓检索方法在findContours
查找轮廓或使用找到的轮廓的面积过滤single_rectangle
(例如cv::contourArea(single_rectangle) < 1000
)。
2:我怎样才能从正方形数组中得到 1 个正方形的中心?
由于代码已经在检测四个角点,您可以例如找到对角线的交点。 如果您知道图像中只有矩形,您还可以尝试使用 Hu 矩检测检测到的轮廓的所有质心。
我也很难理解数组中的确切内容; 它是一组点吗?
OpenCV 中的一个轮廓始终表示为单个点的向量。 如果要添加多个轮廓,则使用的是点向量的向量。 在您提供的示例中, squares
是一个由 4 个点组成的向量的向量。 在这种情况下,您还可以使用cv::Rect
向量。
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