如何为带有输入的代码编写单元测试 (Python)

Question

我是单元测试的新手，我必须添加一个单元测试类来解决问题。 问题是在这里找到的一个https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/problems/penalty-shooters/0# ，我的代码如下。 我无法弄清楚如何使用用户输入进行单元测试。

T = int(input())

for x in range(T):
    # Allows us to input and apply method to all iterables in a | no. of tests \n x_energy y_energy z_energy | format. T = number of tests, x is Lohia energy, y is Gosu energy and z is Goalkeeper energy
    x, y, z = list(map(int, input().split(" ")))
    Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu = 0, 0

    # Session ends when goalkeepers energy decrements to 1
    while z > 1:
        # Goalkeepers energy in this case is a factor of both strikers' energy, so both score.
        if x % z == 0 and y%z == 0:
            x = x - 1
            Goal_Lohia = Goal_Lohia + 1
            y = y - 1
            Goal_Gosu = Goal_Gosu + 1
        # In this case, the goalkeepers energy is only a factor of Lohia's. Note Lohia goes first as the problem states.
        elif x % z == 0:
            x = x - 1
            Goal_Lohia = Goal_Lohia + 1
        # And in this case, it is only a factor of Gosu's
        elif y % z == 0:
            y = y - 1
            Goal_Gosu = Goal_Gosu + 1
        # If goalkeepers energy is a factor of neither Gosu nor Lohia, the goalkeeper will save (no goal scored) and will lose energy.
        else:
            z = z - 1
    print(Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu)

非常感谢！

Answer 1

您想重构您的代码，以便您可以通过获取用户输入和提供硬编码值来调用代码。 然后可以在程序正常运行时调用一个版本，在运行测试时调用另一个版本。

您可以类似地分离出对输出执行的操作，以便您可以在正常情况下打印输出，但在测试用例中检查它的正确性。

以下是您的代码的样子：

def function_to_test(T):
    for x in range(T):
        # Allows us to input and apply method to all iterables in a | no. of tests \n x_energy y_energy z_energy | format. T = number of tests, x is Lohia energy, y is Gosu energy and z is Goalkeeper energy
        x, y, z = list(map(int, input().split(" ")))
        Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu = 0, 0
        ...
        return Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu

def function_that_takes_user__input():
    T = int(input())
    Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu = function_to_test(T)
    print(Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu)

def test_the_function():
    Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu = function_to_test(<test input 1>)
    # add code to test result here

    Goal_Lohia, Goal_Gosu = function_to_test(<test input 2>)
    # add code to test result here

Answer 2

最好的方法是将此逻辑提取为纯函数并将解析后的数据传递给它：

def logic(records):
    for x, y, z in records:
        ...

    return goal_lohia, goal_gosu
    

def main():
    t = int(input())
    records = []
    for _ in range(t):
        records.append(list(int(c) for c in input().split()))

    print(logic(records))

现在您可以独立于输入/输出问题来测试logic() 。