Django ValueError：字段 'id' 需要一个数字，但得到了 'myuser'

Question

我需要使用我的用户名来panel/profile/<username>地址。 所以我在models中所做的是：

class Customer(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.user)

在urls.py我有这些路径：

urlpatterns = [
    path('panel', views.home, name='panel'),

    path('panel/register', views.registerPage, name='register'),
    path('panel/login', views.loginPage, name='login'),
    path('panel/logout', views.logoutPage, name='logout'),

    path('dashboard', views.userProfile, name='dashboard'),
    path('dashboard/settings/edit-profile', views.userSettings, name='settings'),

    path('panel/profile/<str:username>', views.profile, name='profile'),
]

这样就没有问题了：

>>> customer=Customer.objects.get(user_id=118)
>>> customer.user.username
'myuser'

但是在views.py中，我需要像这样获取用户名作为URL的一部分：

@login_required(login_url='login')
@allowed_users(allowed_roles=['admins'])
def profile(request, username):
    customer = Customer.objects.get(user=username)
    print(type(customer), customer)

但我有这个错误：

ValueError at /panel/profile/myuser
Field 'id' expected a number but got 'myuser'.

Answer 1

使用 span 关系获取Customer实例

@login_required(login_url='login')
@allowed_users(allowed_roles=['admins'])
def profile(request, username):
    customer = Customer.objects.get(user__username=username)
    print(type(customer), customer)