如何让菜单选项在 WxPython 中做不同的事情？

Question

我在 WxPython 中的菜单有问题，在文件 header 中，我有“文件”，并且有 2 个选项。 '保存'和'关闭'..，当我点击保存时，我希望它打印“已保存”并且当我时钟退出时。 应用程序应该打印“已关闭”并关闭...但是如果我单击甚至保存它正在关闭：所以请您帮帮我。 这是我的代码的一部分：

menubar = wx.MenuBar()
fileMenu = wx.Menu()

menubar.Append ( fileMenu, '&File' )

m1 = fileMenu.Append ( wx.ID_EXIT, 'Save' )
self.Bind ( wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnSave, m1 )

m2 = fileMenu.Append ( wx.ID_EXIT, 'Quit' )
self.Bind ( wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnQuit, m2 )

self.SetMenuBar ( menubar )

以及功能：

def OnSave ( self, event ):
    
    text = self.text_ctrl.GetValue()
    
    fil.write ( text )
    print ( "Saved file")

def OnQuit ( self, event ):
    
    print ( "Closed" )
    self.Close()

Answer 1

fileMenu.Append的第一个参数很重要。 它用于将一个菜单项与另一个菜单项区分开来，但您对两者使用了相同的值。

    m1 = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_SAVE, 'Save')
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnSave, m1)
    
    m2 = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, 'Quit')
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnQuit, m2)

在我的程序中，我更喜欢使用 wx.NewId() 从系统获取免费 ID。 如果您有这些“库存”菜单条目，则 ID_SAVE 和 ID_EXIT 非常有意义，但如果您自己输入条目，则可以执行以下操作：

    m3 = fileMenu.Append(wx.NewId(), 'My own menu item')
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnMyOwnFunction, m3)
    m4 = fileMenu.Append (wx.NewId(), 'Another menu item')
    self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAnotherFunction, m4)

Answer 2

您对两个菜单项使用相同的Id ，即wx.ID_EXIT ，正如@Petr Blahos 指出的那样，这会导致您的问题。
然而，Petr 的回答存在问题，虽然在技术上是正确的，
wx.NewId现在Deprecated ，尽管它仍然有效，但已被wx.NewIdRef取代。

wx.NewId()
Generates an integer identifier unique to this run of the program.

Return type
int

Deprecated IDs generated by this function can possibly conflict with IDs used elsewhere in the application code. It is recommended to instead use the wx.ID_ANY ID to assign generated IDs for the controls, menu items and etc. that you create in the application. These IDs are guaranteed to not conflict with the other IDs that are in use in the application. For those cases where you need to create an ID that can be used more than once then please see wx.NewIdRef.

wx.NewIdRef(count=1)
Reserves a new Window ID (or range of WindowIDs) and returns a wx.WindowIDRef object (or list of them) that will help manage the reservation of that ID.

This function is intended to be a drop-in replacement of the old and deprecated wx.NewId function, with the added benefit that the ID should never conflict with an in-use ID or other IDs generated by this function.

wx.NewIdRef也有一个count function，所以它可以用来grab一组你根据需要使用的 id。 IE

>>> myIds = wx.NewIdRef(count=6)
>>> myIds
[WindowIDRef: -31973, WindowIDRef: -31972, WindowIDRef: -31971, WindowIDRef: -31970, WindowIDRef: -31969, WindowIDRef: -31968]
>>> useId = myIds[3].Id
>>> useId
-31970

请注意wx.NewIdRef 、 wx.ID_ANY和-1都可以在此菜单上下文中使用。 看这个简单的例子：

import wx

class Test(wx.Frame):

    def __init__(self,parent):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,title="Frame aka Window",size = (300,200))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        self.status=self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.status.SetStatusText("Status bar text")
        menubar=wx.MenuBar()
        firstm=wx.Menu()
        secondm=wx.Menu()

        fm1 = wx.MenuItem(firstm, wx.NewIdRef(), 'New Window\tAlt+N')
        firstm.Append(fm1)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnMenu1, id=fm1.GetId())
        fm2 = wx.MenuItem(firstm, wx.NewIdRef(), 'Open', "Text for the statusbar")
        firstm.Append(fm2)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnMenu2, id=fm2.GetId())
        fm3 = wx.MenuItem(firstm, -1, 'Quit\tAlt+Q')
        firstm.Append(fm3)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnMenu3, id=fm3.GetId())

        sm1 = wx.MenuItem(firstm, wx.ID_ANY, 'Re-Do', "Statusbar Re-Do")
        secondm.Append(sm1)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnsMenu1, id=sm1.GetId())
        sm2 = wx.MenuItem(secondm, wx.ID_ANY, 'Un-Do', "Statusbar Un-Do")
        secondm.Append(sm2)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnsMenu2, id=sm2.GetId())

        menubar.Append(firstm,"File")
        menubar.Append(secondm,"Edit")

        self.SetMenuBar(menubar)

        t = wx.StaticText(panel,-1,"Hello i'm a test", pos=(10,20))

    def OnMenu1(self, event):
        print("Menu item 1",event.GetId())

    def OnMenu2(self, event):
        print("Menu item 2",event.GetId())
        
    def OnMenu3(self, event):
        print("Menu item 3 Quit",event.GetId())
        self.Destroy()
                
    def OnsMenu1(self, event):
        print("2nd Menu item 1",event.GetId())

    def OnsMenu2(self, event):
        print("2nd Menu item 2",event.GetId())

if __name__=='__main__':
    app=wx.App()
    frame=Test(None)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()