[英]Converting hmac from Python3 to Python2
我有以下 HMAC 实现:
"""HMAC (Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication) Python module.
Implements the HMAC algorithm as described by RFC 2104.
"""
impot hashlib
import warnings as _warnings
trans_5C = bytes((x ^ 0x5C) for x in range(256))
trans_36 = bytes((x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256))
# The size of the digests returned by HMAC depends on the underlying
# hashing module used. Use digest_size from the instance of HMAC instead.
digest_size = None
class HMAC:
"""RFC 2104 HMAC class. Also complies with RFC 4231.
This supports the API for Cryptographic Hash Functions (PEP 247).
"""
blocksize = 64 # 512-bit HMAC; can be changed in subclasses.
def __init__(self, key, msg = None, digestmod = None):
"""Create a new HMAC object.
key: key for the keyed hash object.
msg: Initial input for the hash, if provided.
digestmod: A module supporting PEP 247. *OR*
A hashlib constructor returning a new hash object.
Defaults to hashlib.md5.
Note: key and msg must be bytes objects.
"""
if not isinstance(key, bytes):
raise TypeError("expected bytes, but got %r" % type(key).__name__)
if digestmod is None:
import hashlib
digestmod = hashlib.md5
if hasattr(digestmod, '__call__'):
self.digest_cons = digestmod
else:
self.digest_cons = lambda d=b'': digestmod.new(d)
self.outer = self.digest_cons()
self.inner = self.digest_cons()
self.digest_size = self.inner.digest_size
if hasattr(self.inner, 'block_size'):
blocksize = self.inner.block_size
if blocksize < 16:
_warnings.warn('block_size of %d seems too small; using our '
'default of %d.' % (blocksize, self.blocksize),
RuntimeWarning, 2)
blocksize = self.blocksize
else:
_warnings.warn('No block_size attribute on given digest object; '
'Assuming %d.' % (self.blocksize),
RuntimeWarning, 2)
blocksize = self.blocksize
if len(key) > blocksize:
key = self.digest_cons(key).digest()
key = key + bytes(blocksize - len(key))
self.outer.update(key.translate(trans_5C))
self.inner.update(key.translate(trans_36))
if msg is not None:
self.update(msg)
def update(self, msg):
"""Update this hashing object with the string msg.
"""
if not isinstance(msg, bytes):
raise TypeError("expected bytes, but got %r" % type(msg).__name__)
self.inner.update(msg)
def copy(self):
"""Return a separate copy of this hashing object.
An update to this copy won't affect the original object.
"""
# Call __new__ directly to avoid the expensive __init__.
other = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
other.digest_cons = self.digest_cons
other.digest_size = self.digest_size
other.inner = self.inner.copy()
other.outer = self.outer.copy()
return other
def _current(self):
"""Return a hash object for the current state.
To be used only internally with digest() and hexdigest().
"""
h = self.outer.copy()
h.update(self.inner.digest())
return h
def digest(self):
"""Return the hash value of this hashing object.
This returns a string containing 8-bit data. The object is
not altered in any way by this function; you can continue
updating the object after calling this function.
"""
h = self._current()
return h.digest()
def hexdigest(self):
"""Like digest(), but returns a string of hexadecimal digits instead.
"""
h = self._current()
return h.hexdigest()
def new(key, msg = None, digestmod = None):
"""Create a new hashing object and return it.
key: The starting key for the hash.
msg: if available, will immediately be hashed into the object's starting
state.
You can now feed arbitrary strings into the object using its update()
method, and can ask for the hash value at any time by calling its digest()
method.
"""
return HMAC(key, msg, digestmod)
if __name__ == '__main__':
bin = b'R\x9d\x94r\x12\xa4\x1a\xec\xb4\x11\x90\xdcY\x9a\x96\xccReWimBsDWONrzoeO'
h = new(bin, digestmod=hashlib.sha256)
h.update(b"hello")
d = h.hexdigest()
print(d)
assert d == 'a4d000deb3faec0b6d3acf5730c5973727478fa918fb65195c75b0a62f7f12c8'
此代码在 Python 3 中运行良好,但在 Python 2 中失败:
~$ python hmac.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "hmac.py", line 128, in <module>
h = new(bin, digestmod=hashlib.sha256)
File "hmac.py", line 123, in new
return HMAC(key, msg, digestmod)
File "hmac.py", line 67, in __init__
self.outer.update(key.translate(trans_5C))
ValueError: translation table must be 256 characters long
如何使此代码适用于 Python 2? 具体来说,我该如何转换
trans_5C = bytes((x ^ 0x5C) for x in range(256))
trans_36 = bytes((x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256))
Python 2 中的等效项?
使用
trans_5C = ''.join(chr(x ^ 0x5C) for x in range(256))
trans_36 = ''.join(chr(x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256))
仍然导致 hmac 失败:
python hmac.py
34669003b12998c4f555dcc6110188a96af0caf889858a3ab81929aa89339b0a
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "hmac.py", line 133, in <module>
assert d == 'a4d000deb3faec0b6d3acf5730c5973727478fa918fb65195c75b0a62f7f12c8'
AssertionError
但是,该实现在 Python 3 中运行良好...
这是一件有点奇怪的事情。 Python 2 中的“bytes”与“str”相同,因此该命令实际上生成了字符串“<generator object at 0x12345678>”。
Python 2 中的等价物是
trans_36 = ''.join(chr(x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256))
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